miRNAs as radio-response biomarkers for breast cancer stem cells

In breast cancer (BC), the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been related to relapse, metastasis, and radioresistance. Radiotherapy (RT) is an extended BC treatment, but is not always effective. CSCs have several mechanisms of radioresistance in place, and some miRNAs are involved in the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, we studied how IR affects the expression of miRNAs related to stemness in different molecular BC subtypes. Exposition of BC cells to radiation doses of 2, 4, or 6 Gy affected their phenotype, functional characteristics, pluripotency gene expression, and in vivo tumorigenic capacity. This held true for various molecular subtypes of BC cells (classified by ER, PR and HER-2 status), and for BC cells either plated in monolayer, or being in suspension as mammospheres. However, the effect of IR on the expression of eight stemness- and radioresistance-related miRNAs (miR-210, miR-10b, miR-182, miR-142, miR-221, miR-21, miR-93, miR-15b) varied, depending on cell line subpopulation and clinicopathological features of BC patients. Therefore, clinicopathological features and, potentially also, chemotherapy regimen should be both taken into consideration, for determining a potential miRNA signature by liquid biopsy in BC patients treated with RT. Personalized and precision RT dosage regimes could improve the prognosis, treatment, and survival of BC patients.This work has been partially funded by the Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6109/ UGR, and with grants from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEDER funds, projects no. PIE16/00045) and from the Chair ‘Doctors Galera- Requena in cancer stem cell research’ (CMC-CTS963)

Preferential Occupancy of R2 Retroelements on the B Chromosomes of the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans

R2 non-LTR retrotransposons exclusively insert into the 28S rRNA genes of their host, and are expressed by co-transcription with the rDNA unit. The grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans contains transcribed rDNA clusters on most of its A chromosomes, as well as non-transcribed rDNA clusters on the parasitic B chromosomes found in many populations. Here the structure of the E. plorans R2 element, its abundance relative to the number of rDNA units and its retrotransposition activity were determined. Animals screened from five populations contained on average over 12,000 rDNA units on their A chromosomes, but surprisingly only about 100 R2 elements. Monitoring the patterns of R2 insertions in individuals from these populations revealed only low levels of retrotransposition. The low rates of R2 insertion observed in E. plorans differ from the high levels of R2 insertion previously observed in insect species that have many fewer rDNA units. It is proposed that high levels of R2 are strongly selected against in E. plorans, because the rDNA transcription machinery in this species is unable to differentiate between R2-inserted and uninserted units. The B chromosomes of E. plorans contain an additional 7,000 to 15,000 rDNA units, but in contrast to the A chromosomes, from 150 to over 1,500 R2 elements. The higher concentration of R2 in the inactive B chromosomes rDNA clusters suggests these chromosomes can act as a sink for R2 insertions thus further reducing the level of insertions on the A chromosomes. These studies suggest an interesting evolutionary relationship between the parasitic B chromosomes and R2 elements.This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (CGL2009-11917) and Plan Andaluz de Investigacion (CVI-6649), and was partially performed by FEDER funds and a grant from the National Institutes of Health (GM42790)

LA U INVESTIGA: Revista Científica. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud. Volumen 3. Número 1

Los ámbitos de investigación expuestos en este número corresponden a salud, educación, comunicación; temática relacionados íntimamente con la problemática social, que trata de visibilizarla a través de la difusión científica. Desde una visión de caso clínico, como son aquellos artículos investigados en los centros asistenciales del país; o de análisis colectivo evidente en los artículos elaborados por académicos de la Universidad Técnica del Norte.• Adenoma pleomorfo metastásico a mama y pulmón. • Evaluación clínica y atención temprana de la potencialidad cerebromotriz innata en los recién nacidos vivos con factores de riesgo neonatal del hospital general San Vicente de Paúl. • Embarazo ectopico cervical a proposito de un caso • Ganglio centinela en cáncer de mama uso de azul patente en unidades de segundo nivel. • Morbimortalidad en recién nacidos pretérminos menores de 36 semanas, hospital IESS Ibarra año 2014. • Ruptura esplénica asociada con preeclampsia severa presentacion de un caso. • Enfermedad de Addison de etiología tuberculosa: presentación de caso clínico. • Estado de la independencia funcional en personas con discapacidad del cantón Otavalo. • Síntesis analítica sobre las bondades medicinales de la jícama (smallanthus sonchifolius) 2015. • Prevención de infecciones puerperales con Churiyuyo (kalanchoe pinnata), una experiencia de las parteras tradicionales en Napo Ecuador. • Valoración de las habilidades comunicativas en la relación fisioterapeuta paciente. • Objeto de aprendizaje móvil en el aula, para estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición y salud comunitaria, Universidad Técnica del Norte. • Infecciones de vías urinarias asociadas a catéter vesical en mujeres embarazadas. Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, 2015. • Proceso enfermero en la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas en usuario colecistectomizado. • Satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de enfermerí

Estudio estadístico acerca de la calidad de educación evaluación de la calidad de la educación en las escuelas priMarías del cantón durán

Esta investigación se llevó a cabo entre los meses de Septiembre y Octubre del año 2006, cuya Población Objetivo son las Escuelas Primarias del Cantón Durán. La finalidad de la misma es medir la Calidad de Educación. Para esto se aplicó un cuestionario debidamente diseñado para las opiniones de los Directivos y otro cuestionario para el conocimiento de los Estudiante a través de una prueba de Lenguaje y Matemáticas, tomando un error de diseño de 4% y un nivel de confianza del 95%, obteniéndose tamaños de muestra de 68 escuelas. Se presentan resultados univariados, así como también tablas bivariadas, y el Modelo Calidad de a las variables consideradas de manera simultánea

Cahorte de bachilleres de la ESPOL 1986: su ubicación actual

SE REALIZA UN ESTUDIO A LOS JOVENES QUE INGRESARON A LA ESPOL EN 1986 A LA CARRERA DE INGENIERIA, CON LA FINALIDAD DE DETERMINAR LOS FACTORES QUE INFLUYERON PARA QUE ESTOS OBTUVIERAN O NO EL TITULO UNIVERSITARIO Y COMO HA SIDO SU VIDA LABORAL AL SALIR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD. SE UTILIZARON TECNICAS DE MUESTREO PARA LA ELECCION DE LA MUESTRA Y TECNICAS ESTADISTICAS MULTIVARIADAS Y UNIVARIADAS PARA EL ANALISIS DE LAS VARIABLES MOTIVO DE LA INVESTIGACION

Cohorte de bachilleres de la ESPOL, 1986: su ubicación actual

Este trabajo estudia la situación socio - económica actual (1.999) de los bachilleres que ingresaron a la ESPOL en 1986 al programa de ingenierías; y los factores que influyeron para que los integrantes de esta cohorte se graduaran o no en la ESPOL

Salvage Radiosurgery for Selected Patients with Recurrent Malignant Gliomas

Purpose. To analyse the survival after salvage radiosurgery and to identify prognostic factors. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 87 consecutive patients, with recurrent high-grade glioma, that underwent stereotactic radiosurgery between 1997 and 2010. We evaluated the survival after initial diagnosis and after reirradiation. The prognostic factors were analysed by bivariate and multivariate Cox regression model. Results. The median age was 48 years old. The primary histology included anaplastic astrocytoma (47%) and glioblastoma (53%). A margin dose of 18 Gy was administered in the majority of cases (74%). The median survival after initial diagnosis was 21 months (39 months for anaplastic astrocytoma and 18.5 months for glioblastoma) and after reirradiation it was 10 months (17 months for anaplastic astrocytoma and 7.5 months for glioblastoma). In the bivariate analyses, the prognostic factors significantly associated with survival after reirradiation were age, tumour and treatment volume at recurrence, recursive partitioning analyses classification, Karnofsky performance score, histology, and margin to the planning target volume. Only the last four showed significant association in the multivariate analyses. Conclusion. stereotactic radiosurgery is a safe and may be an effective treatment option for selected patients diagnosed with recurrent high-grade glioma. The identified prognostic factors could help individualise the treatment

miRNAs as radio-response biomarkers for breast cancer stem cells

In breast cancer (BC), the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been related to relapse, metastasis, and radioresistance. Radiotherapy (RT) is an extended BC treatment, but is not always effective. CSCs have several mechanisms of radioresistance in place, and some miRNAs are involved in the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, we studied how IR affects the expression of miRNAs related to stemness in different molecular BC subtypes. Exposition of BC cells to radiation doses of 2, 4, or 6 Gy affected their phenotype, functional characteristics, pluripotency gene expression, and in vivo tumorigenic capacity. This held true for various molecular subtypes of BC cells (classified by ER, PR and HER-2 status), and for BC cells either plated in monolayer, or being in suspension as mammospheres. However, the effect of IR on the expression of eight stemness- and radioresistance-related miRNAs (miR-210, miR-10b, miR-182, miR-142, miR-221, miR-21, miR-93, miR-15b) varied, depending on cell line subpopulation and clinicopathological features of BC patients. Therefore, clinicopathological features and, potentially also, chemotherapy regimen should be both taken into consideration, for determining a potential miRNA signature by liquid biopsy in BC patients treated with RT. Personalized and precision RT dosage regimes could improve the prognosis, treatment, and survival of BC patients.This work has been partially funded by the Consejerıa de Economıa, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucıa and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6109/UGR, and with grants from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEDER funds, projects no. PIE16/00045) and from the Chair ‘Doctors GaleraRequena in cancer stem cell research’ (CMC-CTS963)Ye