Distribution of thifluzamide, fenoxanil and tebuconazole in rice paddy and dietary risk assessment

<div><p>Distribution behaviors of thifluzamide, fenoxanil, and tebuconazole applied to rice were investigated in South China. Analysis was by a modified QuEChERS method with gas chromatography (thifluzamide and fenoxanil) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (tebuconazole). Thifluzamide and tebuconazole partitioned mainly into the soil, with half-lives in the paddy soil of 12–14 and 5.3–7.8 days, respectively. Fenoxanil partitioned mainly into the rice plants, with half-lives of 3.3–4.4 days. The half-lives of thifluzamide, fenoxanil, and tebuconazole in paddy water were 0.17–0.89, 1.8–3.0, and 1.6–4.0 days, respectively. The residues in rice grains at the pre-harvest interval of 14 days were all below the established maximum limit values. The dietary risks assessed as hazard quotients at the pre-harvest interval were less than 1.</p></div

Declines of chlorpyrifos and its toxic metabolite TCP residues in rice during food processing.

<p>Declines of chlorpyrifos and its toxic metabolite TCP residues in rice during food processing.</p

Scheme of processing rice from-harvest-to-dining-table.

<p>Scheme of processing rice from-harvest-to-dining-table.</p

Retention time, monitoring ions and collision energy of chlorpyrifos and TCP in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.

<p>Retention time, monitoring ions and collision energy of chlorpyrifos and TCP in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.</p