Non-Invasive Breast Cancer Assessment Using Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy Technique

Breast cancer has become one of the main concern for all human being especially women. Most breast cancer happen in women because women have denser breast tissues than men and breast cells of women are always exposed to changes in hormones, including oestrogen, which increase the risk for women to get breast cancer. The common breast cancer imaging modalities have their own limitations which could be one of the reason for increasing number of breast cancer reported beside unawareness for the disease from the patients themselves. Therefore, early detection and treatment which involve non-invasive technique is more encouraging for its lesser physical and mental harm to patients. This paper describes single channel magnetic induction technique as an alternative method for breast cancer assessment. The simulation was done to investigate the most feasible shape of sensor coil and best range of frequency value to detect breast cancer. The study has found that the circular coil performs better than square coil and the applied frequency range must be high for detecting the conductivity property distribution of breast tissues

Smart Trash Bin to Prevent Animal Disturbance Using Raspberry Pi and Deep Learning

A trash can is an indispensable component of human daily life. It is ubiquitous and extremely useful for keeping the city clean. However, littering is a frequent and widespread problem. Not only do humans litter, but so do animals, particularly monkeys. Animals are constantly searching for food, and when we discard our food waste, they are attracted and leave their natural habitats. Following that, the user may forget to lock the trash can, which may end up in the hands of the animal. With the aid of a deep learning system that detects and identifies human subjects, a smart trash bin with an autonomous locking mechanism will be used in this project to reduce animal disturbance. In this paper, Raspberry-Pi 4 module is being used. Moreover, this article describes a human subject identification method and its real-time displacement using the OpenCV library of programming roles, which is primarily aimed at Raspberry Pi with camera module. The smart trash bin system helps to reduce animal disturbance and minimise littering

Hydrodynamic impact to the cell stress during single cell recovery

Cell overstressed in single-cell recovery process leads to cell mortality during the isolation process. A glass capillaries micropipette can be useful as a tool for picking up cell based on the positive displacement picking up method. However, when a negative pressure applies to the micropipette glass for picking a cell, it produces hydrodynamic pressure to the cell medium. This pressure condition, which proportional to the stress of the cell during the recovery process. In this work, we present a numerical analysis of shear stress on cell cytoplasm. Parameters such as micropipette diameter size, micropipette tip distance to the target cell, and negative pressure impact to the cell are analyzed. As a result, shear stress of cell cytoplasm increased by a short distance of cell to the micropipette tip during the initial picking up process. However, during the cell flowing inside the micropipette, the shear stress produced to the cell has no difference to the micropipette diameter. Therefore, this study could provide a benefit understanding of cell stress phenomena for many types of cells in single-cell recovery application by proper selection of micropipette diameter, suction pressure and the minimal cell distance to during the recovery process

Non – invasive Fetal Scalp pH Measurement Utilizing Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy Technique

Conventional fetal of fetal scalp sampling needs an invasive method to acquire blood sample to the fetus. In this paper describes a suggested non-invasive technique employing magnetic induction spectroscopy based on hydrogen conductivity in pH solution. Four types of transmitter-receiver (Tx-Rx) coil pairs are developed and test with frequency range from 2MHz to 10MHz. The phase reading from both reference channel, and sample channel is taken and the phase change is calculated from the differences between both channels. The result shows that the phase is decreased as the pH value of the solution increase. Circular pair of Tx-Rx shows a good sensitivity reading while square pair Tx-Rx shows a linearity result. From the result obtained, it is proved that single channel magnetic induction spectroscopy can be used as a non-invasive pH meter as an alternative to invasive pH meter

Study of electric field an magnetic field affected biological cells

This paper presents the elaboration on effect of electric field and magnetic field to biological cells. Electroporation has become important parameter in treatment cancer or tumour cells. By using electric field or magnetic field, membrane cell will undergo process electroporation where membrane cell structures being altered for induce apoptosis process

Small Scale Non-Invasive Imaging Using Magnetic Induction Tomography - Hardware Design

This study is conducted to preliminary image the conductivity profile through the development of small scale non-invasive Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) system.  It is proved that the Magnetic Induction Tomography interested in mapping the passive electrical properties of materials; conductivity (σ), permittivity (ε) and permeability (µ) in both process and medical tomography.  The system is realized by designing the functional ferrite-core coil sensors, electronic measurements circuits for excitation and receiving coil, data acquisition system for transferring the data to the PC and suitable image reconstruction algorithm for providing the conductivity distributions measurement. The important characteristic for excitation coil is the one that can maintain the stability the optimum sine wave frequency ranging from 400 kHz up to 10 MHz.  The sine waves are fed to the excitation coil through the application of high current amplifier component respectively. In the experiments, the copper phantom represent as high conductivity material were placed into the region of interest.  The initial 16 channel MIT consists of 8 excitation coil and 8 receiving coil stacked alternately.  On the receiving circuit, the major problem is the weak secondary signal perturbation sensed by the receiving coil has been improved by placing the variable amplifier on each receiver. The enhancement of conductivity profile imaging has been made by using a common Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm.  The measurement was done on single and dual arrangement of copper phantom aligns in random coordinate so that the sensitivity of the excitation and receiving coil sensor can be experimentally observed.  The imaging’s results show that the hardware’s and algorithm used was capable to process the data captured at the receiver.  The results obtained can be useful for further improvement and research towards magnetic induction tomography

An investigation on chemical bubble column using ultrasonic tomography for imaging of gas profiles

In this paper, we carried out a tomographic investigation of a chemical bubble column using ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic tomography sensing array was constructed to operate in transceiver-mode and was clamped on the exterior circumference of the column. The time-of-flight and arrival-time analysis was studied to obtain the signal information. Some experiments were carried out using known static profiles and were compared with the actual profiles. The findings showed promising results where the sensing array could detect gas bubble profiles down to 3 mm in diameter, and the conclusions were made at the end of the paper

Simulation Study of Microwave Imaging for Brain Disease Diagnostic

Brain tumour result by abnormal growth and division of cell inside the skull show high potential to become malignancies and lead to brain damage or even death. Early detection is crucial for further treatment to increase the survival rate of patients who have brain cancer. Existing clinical imaging possess limitation as they are costly, time-consuming and some of them depend on ionising radiation. The microwave imaging has emerged as the new preliminary diagnosis method as it is portable, non-ionising, low cost, and able to produce a good spatial resolution. This paper will be discussing the microwave head based sensing and imaging techniques for brain tumour diagnosis. The 2D FEM approach is applied to solve the forward problem, and the image is reconstructed by implementing linear back projection. Eight rectangular sensing electrodes are arranged in an elliptical array around the head phantom. When one electrode is transmitting the microwave, the remaining of the electrode served as the receiver. The different tumour position is simulated to test the reliability of the system. Lastly, the system is able to detect the tumour, and 1 GHz is chosen as the best frequency based on the simulation and image reconstructed

The linearity of optical tomography: sensor model and experimental verification

The aim of this paper is to show the linearization of optical sensor. Linearity of the sensor response is a must in optical tomography application, which affects the tomogram result. Two types of testing are used namely, testing using voltage parameter and testing with time unit parameter. For the former, the testing is by measuring the voltage when the obstacle is placed between transmitter and receiver. The obstacle diameters are between 0.5 until 3 mm. The latter is also the same testing but the obstacle is bigger than the former which is 59.24 mm and the testing purpose is to measure the time unit spend for the ball when it cut the area of sensing circuit. Both results show a linear relation that proves the optical sensors is suitable for process tomography application

Modelling ultrasonic sensor for gas bubble profiles characterization of chemical column

In this paper, we present a modelling and experimental work to characterize gas bubble profiles in chemical column using a pair of ultrasonic sensor. The gas bubble profiles from 2.90 mm to 7.50 mm diameter are of interest in this study. The modelling concerns ultrasonic investigation via transmission- mode technique. The modelling estimation was compared with the experimental data and the gas bubble profile characterizations from the chemical column were deduced