Multilevel Analysis of Community Health Center, Performance of Health Personnel: Evidence from Ngawi, East Java

Background: Quality health services are one of the priorities and development goals in the health sector. Community Health Center as the first-line public services in the health sector are expected to provide quality services for the community. The quality of health services in community health center can be seen from the performance of the health personnel. This study aims to determine the factors that determine the performance of health personnel in health centers.Subjects and Method: This study used an observational analytic method with a cross sectional approach. The study was conducted in 24 community health center in Ngawi, East Java on June-July 2019. The total sample of 216 health personnel of the community health center was selected based on proportional random sampling. The dependent variable of this study was the perform­ance of health personnel. The independent variables in this study were accreditation status, edu­cation, income, work length, motivation, satisfaction, and workload. The data collections used questionnaires and were analyzed using multilevel linear regression test with Stata 13.Results: The performance of health personnel significantly improved with good accreditation status (b = 2.87; 95% CI= 0.03 to 5.71; p= 0.048), high education (b= 0.63; 95% CI = 0.13 to 1.13; p= 0.013), and high workload (b= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.34 to 1.39; p= 0.001). There was a contextual effect of the performance health personnel (ICC= 53.69%).Conclusion: Good accreditation status, higher education and high work responsibilities increase the performance of the health personnel. There was a contextual effect of health centers on the health personnel.Keywords: performance of health personnel, community health center, multilevel linear regressionCorrespondence:Rahayu Zulaikah, Ngawi Health Office, Jl. S. Parman 25 A, Ngawi, East Java. Email: dokter­[email protected]. Mobile phone: 081946059306Journal of Health Policy and Management (2020), 5(1): 13-22https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2020.05.01.0

Cara siswa menyelesaikan masalah suhu dan kalor dari sudut pandang keterampilan metakognisi

Abstract: The ways students solve problems become one of the main target of physics learning. Investigation about how students solve problems is explored in the context of metacognition skills.  The steps of metacognition skills in physics problem solving include: planning, monitoring, evaluation, and controlling. This is a preliminary exploration study that aims to: 1.) mapping the metacognition skills that are used in physics problem solving of temperature and heat, 2.)  exhibiting students’ self evaluation of his/her metacognition skills in problem solving, and 3.) identifying the relationship between students answer and their self evaluation. This is a descriptive qualitative study. The data were obtained by test and questionnaire. The physics problem solving test was given to 35 students of 11th grader. After doing test, they filled the 22 items of questionnaire adapted from Physics Metacognition Inventory (PMI). The result shows that none of the students solved all the problems optimally. The result of questionnaire showed that the average of metacognitive skills 64%, with the maximum and the minimum scores is 87% and 35% respectively. The correlation between the analyses of students’ answer and their self evaluation shows a negative value that indicates no relationship. Specifically, students pass the planning and controlling phase quite well, even though they tend to be poor in monitoring and evaluation. This findings must become a particular attention for the researchers and teachers in providing the learning strategy to habit the phases of metacognition skills in order to improve students’ metacognitive skills.   Abstrak: Cara siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah menjadi salah satu sasaran utama dalam pembelajaran fisika. Penelusuran mengenai bagaimana cara siswa menyelesaikan masalah dieksplorasi dalam konteks keterampilan metakognisi. Tahapan keterampilan metakognisi dalam menyelesaikan masalah fisika meliputi: planning, monitoring, evaluation, dan controlling. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksplorasi awal bertujuan untuk: 1.) memetakan keterampilan metakognisi yang digunakan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah fisika pada materi Suhu dan Kalor, 2.) menunjukkan penilaian diri siswa terhadap keterampilan metakognisi yang dimiliki dalam menyelesaikan masalah, dan 3.) mengidentifikasi hubungan antara analisis jawaban siswa dan penilaian diri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui tes dan angket. Tes yang digunakan merupakan soal problem solving, yang diberikan kepada 35 siswa kelas XI. Setelah mengerjakan soal, siswa mengisi angket yang terdiri dari 22 item yang diadaptasi dari Physics Metacognition Inventory (PMI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan belum ada siswa yang optimal menyelesaikan seluruh soal. Angket penilaian diri menunjukkan skor rerata 64%, dengan skor maksimum dan minimum masing-masing 87% dan 35%. Hubungan antara analisis jawaban siswa dan hasil penilaian diri menunjukkan nilai korelasi negatif yang mengindikasikan tidak sinkronnya hasil jawaban dan penilaian diri siswa. Secara spesifik, tahapan planning dan controlling dilakukan siswa dengan cukup baik, akan tetapi siswa cenderung lemah dalam memonitoring dan mengevaluasi ketika menyelesaikan masalah. Temuan ini menjadikan perhatian khusus untuk peneliti dan guru dalam menyajikan strategi belajar untuk membiasakan tahapan dalam keterampilan metakognisi dengan target peningkatan keterampilan metakognisi siswa