Enhanced pool-boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux on femtosecond laser processed stainless steel surfaces

In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of pool boiling heat transfer on multiscale (micro/nano) functionalized metallic surfaces. Heat transfer enhancement in metallic surfaces is very important for large scale high heat flux applications like in the nuclear power industry. The multiscale structures were fabricated via a femtosecond laser surface process (FLSP) technique, which forms self-organized mound-like microstructures covered by layers of nanoparticles. Using a pool boiling experimental setup with deionized water as the working fluid, both the heat transfer coefficients and critical heat flux were investigated. A polished reference sample was found to have a critical heat flux of 91 W/cm2 at 40 °C of superheat and a maximum heat transfer coefficient of 23,000 W/m2 K. The processed samples were found to have a maximum critical heat flux of 142 W/cm2 at 29 °C and a maximum heat transfer coefficient of 67,400 W/m2 K. It was found that the enhancement of the critical heat flux was directly related to the wetting and wicking ability of the surface which acts to replenish the evaporating liquid and delay critical heat flux. The heat transfer coefficients were also found to increase when the surface area ratio was increased as well as the microstructure peak-to-valley height. Enhanced nucleate boiling is the main heat transfer mechanism, and is attributed to an increase in surface area and nucleation site density

Rare germline mutations in African American men diagnosed with earlyâ onset prostate cancer

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142420/1/pros23464_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142420/2/pros23464.pd

Identification of a novel germline SPOP mutation in a family with hereditary prostate cancer

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106871/1/pros22818.pd

Mutational landscape of candidate genes in familial prostate cancer

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108266/1/pros22849-sm-0001-SupTab-S1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108266/2/pros22849.pd

Genetic variation in adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and the type 1 receptor (ADIPOR1), obesity and prostate cancer in African Americans

BackgroundAdiponectin is a protein derived from adipose tissue suspected to play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. Variants in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and its type I receptor (ADIPOR1) have been recently linked to risk of both breast and colorectal cancer. Therefore, we set out to examine the relationship between polymorphisms in these genes, obesity and prostate cancer in study of African American men.MethodsTen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1 were genotyped in DNA samples from 131 African American prostate cancer cases and 344 controls participating in the Flint Men's Health Study. Logistic regression was then used to estimate their association with prostate cancer and obesity.ResultsWhile no significant associations were detected between any of the tested SNPs and prostate cancer, the rs1501299 SNP in ADIPOQ was significantly associated with body mass (p=0.03).ConclusionsGenetic variation in ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1 did not predict risk of prostate cancer in this study of African American men. However, the rs1501299 SNP in ADIPOQ was associated with obesity. Further investigation is warranted to determine if racial differences exist in the influence of the adiponectin pathway on prostate cancer risk

Assessing the Cumulative Contribution of New and Established Common Genetic Risk Factors to Early-Onset Prostate Cancer

We assessed the evidence for association between 23 recently reported prostate cancer (PCa) variants and early-onset PCa and the aggregate value of 63 PCa variants for predicting early-onset disease using 931 unrelated men diagnosed with PCa prior to age 56 years and 1126 male controls

Genetic variation in Glutathione S-Transferase Omega-1, Arsenic Methyltransferase and Methylene-tetrahydrofolate Reductase, arsenic exposure and bladder cancer: a case–control study

Abstract Background Ingestion of groundwater with high concentrations of inorganic arsenic has been linked to adverse health outcomes, including bladder cancer, however studies have not consistently observed any elevation in risk at lower concentrations. Genetic variability in the metabolism and clearance of arsenic is an important consideration in any investigation of its potential health risks. Therefore, we examined the association between genes thought to play a role in the metabolism of arsenic and bladder cancer. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GSTO-1, As3MT and MTHFR were genotyped using DNA from 219 bladder cancer cases and 273 controls participating in a case–control study in Southeastern Michigan and exposed to low to moderate (\u3c50 μg/L) levels of arsenic in their drinking water. A time-weighted measure of arsenic exposure was constructed using measures from household water samples combined with past residential history, geocoded and merged with archived arsenic data predicted from multiple resources. Results While no single SNP in As3MT was significantly associated with bladder cancer overall, several SNPs were associated with bladder cancer among those exposed to higher arsenic levels. Individuals with one or more copies of the C allele in rs11191439 (the Met287Thr polymorphism) had an elevated risk of bladder cancer (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.04-1.32 per 1 μg/L increase in average exposure). However, no association was observed between average arsenic exposure and bladder cancer among TT homozygotes in the same SNP. Bladder cancer cases were also 60% less likely to be homozygotes for the A allele in rs1476413 in MTHFR compared to controls (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.18-0.88). Conclusions Variation in As3MT and MTHFR is associated with bladder cancer among those exposed to relatively low concentrations of inorganic arsenic. Further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings

Evidence for an association between prostate cancer and chromosome 8q24 and 10q11 genetic variants in African American men: The flint men's health study

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. African American men have substantially increased risk of both being diagnosed and dying from the disease. Recent genome-wide genetic association studies have identified a number of common single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with prostate cancer in men of European descent. Only a small number of studies have evaluated the association between these genetic variants and prostate cancer in African Americans

Genetic variation in Glutathione S-Transferase Omega-1, Arsenic Methyltransferase and Methylene-tetrahydrofolate Reductase, arsenic exposure and bladder cancer: a case–control study

Abstract Background Ingestion of groundwater with high concentrations of inorganic arsenic has been linked to adverse health outcomes, including bladder cancer, however studies have not consistently observed any elevation in risk at lower concentrations. Genetic variability in the metabolism and clearance of arsenic is an important consideration in any investigation of its potential health risks. Therefore, we examined the association between genes thought to play a role in the metabolism of arsenic and bladder cancer. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GSTO-1, As3MT and MTHFR were genotyped using DNA from 219 bladder cancer cases and 273 controls participating in a case–control study in Southeastern Michigan and exposed to low to moderate (<50 μg/L) levels of arsenic in their drinking water. A time-weighted measure of arsenic exposure was constructed using measures from household water samples combined with past residential history, geocoded and merged with archived arsenic data predicted from multiple resources. Results While no single SNP in As3MT was significantly associated with bladder cancer overall, several SNPs were associated with bladder cancer among those exposed to higher arsenic levels. Individuals with one or more copies of the C allele in rs11191439 (the Met287Thr polymorphism) had an elevated risk of bladder cancer (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.04-1.32 per 1 μg/L increase in average exposure). However, no association was observed between average arsenic exposure and bladder cancer among TT homozygotes in the same SNP. Bladder cancer cases were also 60% less likely to be homozygotes for the A allele in rs1476413 in MTHFR compared to controls (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.18-0.88). Conclusions Variation in As3MT and MTHFR is associated with bladder cancer among those exposed to relatively low concentrations of inorganic arsenic. Further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112833/1/12940_2012_Article_570.pd

Prevalence of the HOXB13 G84E prostate cancer risk allele in men treated with radical prostatectomy

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106912/1/bju12522.pd