Perception of Risk Factors and Determination of Risk Management Strategies According to Agricultural Enterprise Typologies

In this study, it was aimed to determine the risk management strategies and the level of risk perception of the entrepreneurs in agricultural enterprises classified according to production activities. Risk behaviours of entrepreneurs were examined according to the enterprise typologies, and the reference game was used for this purpose. The success of the economic activities of the enterprises was determined by an analysis of the annual operating results. The risk perception was investigated according to the enterprise typology. As a result, it was determined to be perceived as risk factors: drought, fluctuation of input and product prices in the livestock enterprises; drought, precipitation, pests, frost and hail in the mixed plant enterprises; drought, precipitation, frost and hail in the mixed plant and livestock enterprises; pest, diseases, hail, drought and precipitation in the specialized perennial enterprises; storm, capital shortage, loans, price fluctuation, yield fluctuation and fire in the specialized horticulture enterprises; drought, frost, hail, insufficient and unpredictable precipitation in the crop enterprises. The general information on agricultural issues, the implementation of new farming techniques, the diversity in production, the planned debt, the contract production, agricultural protection and the market follow were found out as management strategies for these risk factors

Maternal behaviour of Awassi sheep and behaviour of the lambs during the first hour after parturition

Data from sixty-one 2–5-year-old Awassi ewes (38 single and 23 twin births) were evaluated in order to determine behaviour at parturition and the following first hour. Observations were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, Pearson’s chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. The Awassi sheep exhibited sniffing action after parturition as the initial behaviour, choosing the back part of the lamb. First licking and sniffing times were found to decrease with maternal age; calculated average data for these characteristics were 138.3 ± 15.39 and 118.3 ± 26.48 s for singlets, and 147.7 ± 15.12 and 123.6 ± 29.54 s for twins, respectively (P < 0.05). Total mean licking time was found to be 27.9 ± 0.81 min in single births and 26.2 ± 0.90 min in twin births. The mean first successful standing-up time was determined to be 23.2 ± 1.83 min in single births, 21.1 ± 1.63 min in the firstborn twin, and 20.2 ± 2.96 min in the second-born twin (P < 0.05). In the same order, the average suckling time of lambs was specified as 34.3 ± 2.27 min, 34.3 ± 2.50 min, and 29.2 ± 3.70 min (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, Awassi ewes showed good maternal behaviour and encouraged their lambs in standing up and suckling.Data from sixty-one 2–5-year-old Awassi ewes (38 single and 23 twin births) were evaluated in order to determine behaviour at parturition and the following first hour. Observations were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, Pearson’s chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. The Awassi sheep exhibited sniffing action after parturition as the initial behaviour, choosing the back part of the lamb. First licking and sniffing times were found to decrease with maternal age; calculated average data for these characteristics were 138.3 ± 15.39 and 118.3 ± 26.48 s for singlets, and 147.7 ± 15.12 and 123.6 ± 29.54 s for twins, respectively (P < 0.05). Total mean licking time was found to be 27.9 ± 0.81 min in single births and 26.2 ± 0.90 min in twin births. The mean first successful standing-up time was determined to be 23.2 ± 1.83 min in single births, 21.1 ± 1.63 min in the firstborn twin, and 20.2 ± 2.96 min in the second-born twin (P < 0.05). In the same order, the average suckling time of lambs was specified as 34.3 ± 2.27 min, 34.3 ± 2.50 min, and 29.2 ± 3.70 min (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, Awassi ewes showed good maternal behaviour and encouraged their lambs in standing up and suckling

Primary grade students’ perception of self efficiency to their English courses

Bu araştırmanın amacı ilk defa İngilizce dersini alan ilkokul 2.sınıf öğrencilerinin bu dersten beklentilerini belirlemek ve İngilizce dersine karşı olan öz yeterlik algılarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomonolojik (olgu bilim) yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma, 2014–2015 öğretim yılında, Isparta il merkezine bağlı Mehmet Köse İlkokulunda öğrenim gören 2.sınıf öğrencilerinden 21 öğrenci katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak görüşme formu kullanılmış ve soruların her biri farklı verileri elde etmek üzere hazırlanmıştır. Toplanan nitel verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada da öğrencilerin ilk kez görecekleri İngilizce dersine karşı olan beklentileri, istekleri ve inançlarının olumlu ve yüksek düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuç öğrencilerin bu dersi daha kolay öğrenecekleri ve daha başarılı olabilecekleri yönünde bir işaret olabilir. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında öz yeterlilik inancının yüksek olması başarılı olmak için gerekli bir özelliktir.The purpose of this study is to determine the expectations of primary school 2nd year students who have English course for the first time and to reveal the perception of their self-efficiency against the English courses. In the study, phenomenological approach in qualitative research methods (case science) is used. This research was conducted with the participation of 21 students in the 2nd year of Isparta Mehmet Kose primary school in 2014-2015 academic year. As data collection tool Interview form is used and each question is designed to achieve different data. The descriptive analysis approach is used to analyze the collected qualitative data. In this research the students’ who will learn English the first time, expactations, wishes and beliefs were found to be positive and high. These result may be a sign that they would take this course learn more easily and will be more successful. Consequently, with the light of the results obtained from research that high self-efficiency belief is an essential feature to be successful

Cultural values defining turkish nation: From the perspectives of history teachers

This study, which aims to identify what values are significant for history teacher in teaching Turkish culture, was conducted based on qualitative research methods. Within this study, face to face interviews were done with 19 history teachers who serve in Isparta. According to data which was analyzed through content analysis and descriptive analysis techniques, participants mainly emphasized the values of patriotism, flag, and independence. Especially the terrorist incidents in recent times are thought to have had an impact on the opinions. Participants’ perceptions of the concept of culture mostly focus on moral cultural elements. In response to the question of “Do the Turkish nation protect cultural values”, it was found out that most of the teachers answered as “No”. This finding can be regarded as universal values taking precedence over national values or our national values have deteriorated

Maternal behaviour of Awassi sheep and behaviour of the lambs during the first hour after parturition

Data from sixty-one 2–5-year-old Awassi ewes (38 single and 23 twin births) were evaluated in order to determine behaviour at parturition and the following first hour. Observations were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, Pearson’s chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. The Awassi sheep exhibited sniffing action after parturition as the initial behaviour, choosing the back part of the lamb. First licking and sniffing times were found to decrease with maternal age; calculated average data for these characteristics were 138.3 ± 15.39 and 118.3 ± 26.48 s for singlets, and 147.7 ± 15.12 and 123.6 ± 29.54 s for twins, respectively (P < 0.05). Total mean licking time was found to be 27.9 ± 0.81 min in single births and 26.2 ± 0.90 min in twin births. The mean first successful standing-up time was determined to be 23.2 ± 1.83 min in single births, 21.1 ± 1.63 min in the firstborn twin, and 20.2 ± 2.96 min in the second-born twin (P < 0.05). In the same order, the average suckling time of lambs was specified as 34.3 ± 2.27 min, 34.3 ± 2.50 min, and 29.2 ± 3.70 min (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, Awassi ewes showed good maternal behaviour and encouraged their lambs in standing up and suckling.Data from sixty-one 2–5-year-old Awassi ewes (38 single and 23 twin births) were evaluated in order to determine behaviour at parturition and the following first hour. Observations were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, Pearson’s chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. The Awassi sheep exhibited sniffing action after parturition as the initial behaviour, choosing the back part of the lamb. First licking and sniffing times were found to decrease with maternal age; calculated average data for these characteristics were 138.3 ± 15.39 and 118.3 ± 26.48 s for singlets, and 147.7 ± 15.12 and 123.6 ± 29.54 s for twins, respectively (P < 0.05). Total mean licking time was found to be 27.9 ± 0.81 min in single births and 26.2 ± 0.90 min in twin births. The mean first successful standing-up time was determined to be 23.2 ± 1.83 min in single births, 21.1 ± 1.63 min in the firstborn twin, and 20.2 ± 2.96 min in the second-born twin (P < 0.05). In the same order, the average suckling time of lambs was specified as 34.3 ± 2.27 min, 34.3 ± 2.50 min, and 29.2 ± 3.70 min (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, Awassi ewes showed good maternal behaviour and encouraged their lambs in standing up and suckling

Suitibility of hair goat breeding with regards to organic production

Tarımsal üretimin entansifleşmesi artan nüfusun beslenebilmesi için gerekçe olsa da son yıllarda toplumun bilinçlenmesine paralel olarak organik ya da ekolojik ürünlere talep artmaktadır. Yetiştirme sistemi nedeni ile bu yapıya uygun olan ya da birkaç düzenleme ile uygun hale gelebilecek olan Kıl keçi yetiştiriciliği Türkiye'nin büyük bir bölümünde yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kıl keçi yetiştiriciliği Organik Tarımın Esasları ve Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, melezleme tehdidi altında olan Kıl keçinin organik üretim kapsamında değerlendirilmesi ile sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması bakımından önemlidir.Although the intensification of agricultural production is the reason for feeding of increasing human population the demand for organic or ecological products is increasing in parallel with the social consciousness in recent years. Hair goat breeding is made in a large part of Turkey that is suitable or may become suitable for organic production system with a few arrangements. In this study, Hair goat breeding was evaluated together with the Regulation on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture. The study is important in terms of ensuring sustainability of hair goats under the threat of crossbreeding by assessing it within organic production

Microsatellite panels for parentage testing of Kilis goats reared in Turkey

The aim of this study was to develop PCR-based suitable microsatellite marker panels for paternity testing and to define pedigree errors in Kilis goats. A total of 137 head of goats were used, consisting of 118 head of kids and 19 head of possible candidate sires. A total of 392 alleles were observed in 22 microsatellite markers. Allele numbers ranged between 12 (SRCRSP7) and 24 (BM1818, INRA0023, and SRCRSP15) with an average of 17.82. The mean value of the effective allele numbers was obtained as 9.44. The overall polymorphic information content value was quite high (0.88). The overall observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values for all studied loci were 0.89 and 0.89, respectively. Paternity test panels for the Kilis goat population studied were created based on individual probability of exclusion of microsatellites in multiplex groups. Combined probability of exclusion (CPE) values for different panels ranged between 0.745 (Panel-1) and 0.9999 (Panel-22), while the combined identification probability (CPI) values were obtained in the range of 9.81 × 10–3 (Panel-1) to 6.96 × 10–21 (Panel-22). As a result of this study, it can be stated that panels with 0.999 CPE values can be used at the most reasonable cost and with high reliability in paternity tests to be performed in Kilis goats, which can be a reference for other populations

Assesment of Osteoporosis in Medulla Spinalis Injured Patients

Aim: To investigate the relationship between osteoporosis and demographic features, clinical characteristics,risk factors in younger SCI patients. Materials and Methods: Between January-June 2009, all SCI patients admitted to our hospital evaluated and 58 patients who were younger than 50 years who had osteoporosis were enrolled.Patients age, gender, educational status, duration of injury, smoking, sunlight exposure and dietary habits were questioned. Neurological level, completeness, ambulation status and spasticity were assessed. Relationship between these findings with the severity of osteoporosis has been viewed. Results: There were 19 women. Mean age was 35,7 years. The mean time since injury were 117.7 months. 42 patients were paraplegia (17 complete), 16 were tetraplegia (4 complete).The most common osteoporotic site where the legs. There was no correlation between BMD values with age. In men, the legs and total body BMD were significantly lower.The effect of educational level on BMD was not found. No significant correlation was found between time since injury and BMD. In paraplegics, femoral neck and total femur Z-scores were significantly lower. In tetraplegics, Z scores of the arms were lower, but was not significant. Lumbar BMD values of complete patients were significantly lower than incompletes. Sunlight exposure and consumption of milk/milk products had not a significant positive effect on BMD. 8 patients had therapeutic ambulation, whereas 23 of them had community ambulation. Ambulation status of patients and the presence of spasticity was no effect on BMD. There was no significant correlation between BMD and the severity of spasticity. Smokers (n=19), bone density was lower in all regions except for femoral neck but were not significantly. Conclusion: Male gender, paraplegia, and incompleteness negatively effects the bone density. Age, time since injury, education level, spasticity, ambulation level, smoking, sunlight exposure and dietary habits has no significant effect on bone density. (Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2011;17:71-6