109 research outputs found
New tendencies in the Swahili drama.
One of the most striking charactetistics of contemporary drama is its denial of illusion. Modern playwrights do their best to convince the audience that what is presented on the stage is not a tranche de vie (as was the aspiration of naturalist writers), but a performance
S protjanutoj rukoj : NiĆĄÄie niĆĄÄenstvo v poslevoennom SSSR
RĂ©sumé« Ils tendent la main » : mendiants et mendicitĂ© dans lâUnion soviĂ©tique dâaprĂšs-guerreCet article a pour objet la mendicitĂ© dans la Russie de lâaprĂšs-guerre, que nous apprĂ©hendons selon trois perspectives : en tant que phĂ©nomĂšne social, Ă travers les politiques nationales Ă lâĂ©gard des mendiants et enfin, dans les reprĂ©sentations que sâen fait lâopinion publique. Notre contribution, qui couvre les annĂ©es 1945-1961 - i.e., de la fin de la guerre jusquâĂ lâentrĂ©e en vigueur de la loi contre les « parasites sociaux » -, observe les causes de la mendicitĂ© de lâaprĂšs-guerre, son aspect quantitatif, la structure sociale de la communautĂ© des mendiants. Nous distinguons ici diffĂ©rentes catĂ©gories : les « professionnels », les invalides de guerre et les enfants des rues ou abandonnĂ©s. Tant les rĂ©actions des autoritĂ©s centrales et locales que celles des citoyens ordinaires furent ambivalentes. Les remĂšdes contre ce « mal » social Ă©taient variables et souvent incompatibles, allant du « grand nettoyage » au suivi social ou Ă la charitĂ©. La loi sur les « parasites » de 1961 a conclu une dĂ©cennie de tentatives visant Ă rĂ©glementer la mendicitĂ©.AbstractHolding out their hands for alms : Beggars and begging in the postwar Soviet UnionThe article explores begging in postwar Russia from three different perspectives - begging as a social phenomenon, government policies towards beggars, and popular opinion on begging. It covers the period from 1945 to 1961, i.e., from the end of the war to the introduction of the âanti-parasiteâ decree. The article eŃ
amines the causes of postwar begging, the quantitative dimensions of the topic, the social structure of the beggar community, and describes several categories - âprofessionals,â war invalids, and homeless or abandoned children. The reactions of central and local authorities, as well as ordinary people, towards begging were ambivalent ; remedies for this social âillâ were different and often incompatible - ranging from âbig cleaningâ to social care and charity. The âanti-parasiteâ decree of 1961 brought to a close a 10-year period of attempts at bringing begging under legal regulation
Hubertus F. Jahn, Armes Russland
The study of beggary has a long tradition. In recent European historiography, there is a field which studies practices of inclusion/exclusion of the «alien and poor» in a large historical (from Antiquity to the present) and comparative (covering several countries) scope. Until recently, Russia was not included in this research, surprisingly so because poverty and beggary in Russia have a long history and are important issues today. The appearance of ânew beggarsâ sets the stage for studying t..
Image de la femme dans la litterature Swahili
In the traditional Swahili literature description has a secondary role. Characters` portrayals are limited to a few stereotyped attributes, because they represent types, not individualized characters The model of women`s beauty is taken from Arabic literature: round face, black, flowing hair, big eyes, teeth like pealls with beautiful gaps in between, slender neck... This model is valid to a large extent also in modern novels.. Thus, the complexion of an ideal woman is as clear as possible; even up-rountry heroines are often light-roloured `as a half-cast` or at least bronzed. They are preferably of medium height, lump, but with a slender waist and well-shaped legs
Maria Valtorta: Injili kama nilvyofunuliwa.
An important editorial achievement has been the recent translation into Swahili of the first volume of the monumental work on the life of Jesus Christ in ten volumes, L`Evangelo come mi Stato rivelato (the title of the English version is The Poem of the Man-God) by the Italian mystic Maria Valtorta (1897-1961)
Marx`s shorts and ancestors` caves:: Tracing critical motifs in Kezilahabi`s play and poems.
The only play by Kezilahabi, Marx`s shorts, is a political satire, so pungent that it has not yet been published, although its photocopied manuscript has been in circulation for almost twenty years (it is dated 1978). Probably it was written soon after Julius Nyerere`s pamphlet Azzmio la Arusha baada ya Miaka Kumi (1977), where he overtly admitted for the first time the failure of his policy, clearing the way for critical literary works
Airway basal cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells: a new frontier in cystic fibrosis research
Human-induced airway basal cells (hiBCs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a promising cell model for studying lung diseases, regenerative medicine, and developing new gene therapy methods. We analyzed existing differentiation protocols and proposed our own protocol for obtaining hiBCs, which involves step-by-step differentiation of hiPSCs into definitive endoderm, anterior foregut endoderm, NKX2.1+ lung progenitors, and cultivation on basal cell medium with subsequent cell sorting using the surface marker CD271 (NGFR). We derived hiBCs from two healthy cell lines and three cell lines with cystic fibrosis (CF). The obtained hiBCs, expressing basal cell markers (NGFR, KRT5, and TP63), could differentiate into lung organoids (LOs). We demonstrated that LOs derived from hiBCs can assess cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel function using the forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) assay. We also carried out non-viral (electroporation) and viral (recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)) serotypes 6 and 9 and recombinant adenovirus (rAdV) serotype 5 transgene delivery to hiBCs and showed that rAAV serotype 6 is most effective against hiBCs, potentially applicable for gene therapy research
Differential diagnostic utilities of combined testing for islet cell antibody, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, and tyrosine phosphatase antibody
Background. Beta-cell antibody tests are used for the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. They permit to discriminate between the type 1 diabetes (T1D) and non-autoimmune diabetes types. To choose an appropriate test for ruling in or ruling out the T1D a physician needs to know how conclusive test results are. The most powerful estimate of test conclusiveness is its likelihood ratio (LHR). The higher LHR of a positive result (LHR+), the more posttest probability of T1D; the lower LHR of a negative result (LHR), the less posttest probability of T1D.
Aims. To compare conclusiveness of single and combined tests for antibodies to islet cells (ICA), glutamate decarboxylase (GADA), and tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 (IA-2A), and to evaluate posttest probabilities of T1D at various pretest probabilities.
Methods. All antibodies were tested in parallel in 169 children and adolescents with a new-onset T1D, and in 169 persons without this disease. ICA, GADA, and IA-2A were determined by indirect immunofluorescence, radioimmune assay, and ELISA, respectively. LHR+ and LHR were calculated with the MedCalc Statistical Software. Posttest T1D probabilities were calculated from Bayes theorem-based equation.
Results. Among single tests, an ICA test had the greatest LHR+ and the smallest LHR, and consequently was the most reliable either for ruling in or ruling out the T1D. Among test combinations, an ICAGADA combination had the greatest LHR+ and was the most suitable for T1D confirmation. The triple combination ICAGADAIA-2A had the smallest LHR and was the most suitable for T1D exclusion.
Conclusions. In the differential diagnosis of diabetes, the most appropriate test for ruling in the T1D is the double combination ICAGADA. With both antibodies positive, this combination provides the highest posttest T1D probabilities at any pretest probability. The most appropriate test for ruling out the T1D is the triple combination ICAGADAIA-2A. With all three antibodies negative, this combination provides the lowest posttest T1D probabilities
- âŠ