Effects of different nanostructural ZnS films on the characteristics of organic/inorganic heterostructure devices

Organic/inorganic heterostructure ITO/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′- ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEHPPV)/ ZnS/Al devices were fabricated. The effects of different nanostructural ZnS thin films on the characteristics of the devices were studied in de

Effects of different nanostructural ZnS films on the characteristics of organic/inorganic heterostructure devices

Organic/inorganic heterostructure ITO/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′- ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEHPPV)/ ZnS/Al devices were fabricated. The effects of different nanostructural ZnS thin films on the characteristics of the devices were studied in de

Recent development of the inverted configuration organic solar cells

Recent years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of normal configuration organic solar cells (OSCs) has obtained rapid progress to reach more than 6% under standard illumination, which is reasonable value for the commercial criterion. More and more research attention has been paid on the stability and lifetime of OSCs. A novel structural OSCs with high work function metal or metal oxide as the top electrode and low work function metal as the bottom anode is proposed and named as inverted configuration OSCs. The inverted configuration OSCs with high work function metal as top cathode could improve OSCs's lifetime, i.e., protecting cells from the damage by oxygen and moisture in air. Furthermore, the inverted configuration OSCs is the appealing alternative to the conventional regular structure due to the inherent vertical phase separation in the polymer active layers and high stability or long device lifetime. The inverted configuration OSCs have not only achieved an impressive PCE of 4.4%, but also exhibited an exceptional device lifetime without encapsulation. In this review article, the recent developments and vital researches on the inverted configuration OSCs are summarized. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

RDCRMG: A Raster Dataset Clean & Reconstitution Multi-Grid Architecture for Remote Sensing Monitoring of Vegetation Dryness

In recent years, remote sensing (RS) research on crop growth status monitoring has gradually turned from static spectrum information retrieval in large-scale to meso-scale or micro-scale, timely multi-source data cooperative analysis; this change has presented higher requirements for RS data acquisition and analysis efficiency. How to implement rapid and stable massive RS data extraction and analysis becomes a serious problem. This paper reports on a Raster Dataset Clean & Reconstitution Multi-Grid (RDCRMG) architecture for remote sensing monitoring of vegetation dryness in which different types of raster datasets have been partitioned, organized and systematically applied. First, raster images have been subdivided into several independent blocks and distributed for storage in different data nodes by using the multi-grid as a consistent partition unit. Second, the “no metadata model” ideology has been referenced so that targets raster data can be speedily extracted by directly calculating the data storage path without retrieving metadata records; third, grids that cover the query range can be easily assessed. This assessment allows the query task to be easily split into several sub-tasks and executed in parallel by grouping these grids. Our RDCRMG-based change detection of the spectral reflectance information test and the data extraction efficiency comparative test shows that the RDCRMG is reliable for vegetation dryness monitoring with a slight reflectance information distortion and consistent percentage histograms. Furthermore, the RDCGMG-based data extraction in parallel circumstances has the advantages of high efficiency and excellent stability compared to that of the RDCGMG-based data extraction in serial circumstances and traditional data extraction. At last, an RDCRMG-based vegetation dryness monitoring platform (VDMP) has been constructed to apply RS data inversion in vegetation dryness monitoring. Through actual applications, the RDCRMG architecture is proven to be appropriate for timely vegetation dryness RS automatic monitoring with better performance, more reliability and higher extensibility. Our future works will focus on integrating more kinds of continuously updated RS data into the RDCRMG-based VDMP and integrating more multi-source datasets based collaborative analysis models for agricultural monitoring