CD107a expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets throughout pregnancy and in non-pregnant women.

<p>The expression of CD107a by TIM-3 negative and TIM-3 positive CD56dim and CD56bright cells in the peripheral blood of normal pregnant women during each trimester of pregnancy and in non-pregnant women. The solid bars represent medians, the boxes indicate the interquartile ranges and the lines show the most extreme observations. Differences were considered statistically significant for P-values ≤0.05.</p

Cytokine production by TIM-3 positive and negative CD8+ T, CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells.

<p>Statistical comparisons were made by using the ANOVA tests. The results were expressed as the mean value. Differences were considered significant when the value of p was equal to or less than 0.05. NS  =  not statistically significant.</p><p>*Sig. from NP;1st; 3rd (p<0,01).</p><p>**Sig. from NP;1st (p<0,01).</p><p>***Sig. from NP (p<0,05);1st (p<0,01).</p><p>$Sig. from 1st (p<0,01).</p><p>$$Sig. from 1st (p<0,04).</p><p>$$$Sig. from NP (p<0,03);1st (p<0,05).</p

TIM-3 expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets throughout pregnancy and in non-pregnant women.

<p>The expression of TIM-3 by Th cells, Tc cells, NK cells and NK cell subsets in the peripheral blood of normal pregnant women during each trimester of pregnancy and in non-pregnant women. The solid bars represent medians, the boxes indicate the interquartile ranges and the lines show the most extreme observations. Differences were considered statistically significant for P-values ≤0.05.</p

Characteristics of Non-pregnant, 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd trimester pregnant women.

<p>Data are shown as mean (range). Statistical comparisons were made by using the ANOVA tests. Results did not differ significantly between study groups.</p

Results of Eyes test performance and MRI measures in patients with multiple sclerosis and group of healthy controls recruited for MRI examination.

<p>Cortical thickness data (left FFA, left TP, right FEF) have been obtained by the measure of the average cortical thickness of cortical areas showing correlation with Eyes test performance in the group of patients with multiple sclerosis.</p><p>¹ multiple sclerosis.</p><p>² Fusifrom Face Area.</p><p>³ Temporal pole.</p><p>⁴ Frontal Eye Field.</p

Data of cortical thickness and area of brain regions showing correlation with the performance in the Faces test and Eyes test in patients with multiple sclerosis accounting for age.

<p>The relationships between average cortical thickness of the brain regions and mentalization test performances were further analyzed to account for confounding factors (gender, EDSS, anxiety, and depression) potentially impacting mentalization, and were corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni method (p<0.017 for the Faces test and p<0.01 for Eyes test). Significant correlations are shown in bold format.</p

Demographic data, clinical characteristics, results of social cognitive testing and psychometric assessment obtained in patients with multiple sclerosis and group of healthy controls recruited for neuropsychological testing.

<p>Cut-off values were 16 and 54 for BDI and STAI, respectively.</p><p>¹ multiple sclerosis.</p><p>² relapsing-remitting.</p><p>³ secondary progressive.</p><p>⁴ Expanded Disability Status Scale.</p><p>⁵ Spielberg Trait Anxiety Inventory.</p><p>⁶ Beck Depression Inventory.</p

Assessment of total and regional T1 lesion volume in patients with multiple sclerosis.

<p><b>A.</b> T1 hypointense lesions are shown on a representative grayscale MPRAGE image (white arrows). <b>B.</b> Binary lesion map generated from outlined T1 hypointense lesions visualized in green. <b>C.</b> WM fiber tract atlas registered into native space of the MPRAGE image. <b>D.</b> Labeled lesion map derived from the binary lesion map after parcellation of the lesions with the use of the WM fiber tract atlas. The labeled lesion map was used to measure regional T1 white matter lesion volumes within each individual fiber bundle.</p

Footprints of the action/production of type I interferons in ENMO and EAE, as revealed by microarray analysis.

<p>In the first column of pairwise comparison of log₂-fold changes in gene expression, mean values were compared between rats receiving T cells and NMO-IgG (ENMO, n = 5) and their counterparts receiving T cells and subcuvia as control IgG (EAE_coI, n = 5) or T cells and PBS (EAE_coP, n = 5). In the second column of pairwise comparison of log₂-fold changes in gene expression, mean values were compared between a group containing all ENMO plus EAE_coI plus EAE_coP animals (n = 15, “all T”) and a group containing animals injected with antibodies only (“abs only” (5 animals with NMO-IgG plus 5 animals with subcuvia as control IgG) or containing healthy control animals only (“hc”, n = 3). The differentially expressed genes shown here belong to 7 different, large groups, i.e. to ischemic damage, ubiquitination, antigen presentation/antigen processing/inflammation, activity against pathogens, anti-inflammatory action, protection from tissue damage, and unknown function (“others”). In experimental autoimmune neuromyelitis optica (ENMO), 31 differentially expressed genes are found. 19/32 differentially expressed genes were already upregulated in all T cell-induced CNS inflammations compared to all other non-inflammatory controls.</p

Confirmation by immunohistochemistry of differential expression of Ptpn6, Rab5c and 5-lipoxygenase in ENMO and EAE.

<p>Shown here are cross sections of spinal cords from animals with ENMO (A, D, G) and EAE_coI, (B, E, H) reacted with antibodies against Ptpn6 (A, B), Rab5c (D,E) and 5-lipoxygenase (G,H). Reaction products are brown. Counterstaining was done with hematoxylin to reveal nuclei (blue). Statistically significant differences in the number of Ptpn6- (C), Rab5c- (F), and 5-lipoxygenase- (I) positive cells / spinal cord sections between ENMO and EAE_coI are seen (Mann-Whitney U-test). Shown here are medians (range). The arrow in (H) points to a weakly stained nucleus of a neutrophil.</p