Impurity scattering and Friedel oscillations in mono-layer black phosphorus

We study the effect of impurity scattering effect in black phosphorurene (BP) in this work. For single impurity, we calculate impurity induced local density of states (LDOS) in momentum space numerically based on tight-binding Hamiltonian. In real space, we calculate LDOS and Friedel oscillation analytically. LDOS shows strong anisotropy in BP. Many impurities in BP are investigated using $T$-matrix approximation when the density is low. Midgap states appear in band gap with peaks in DOS. The peaks of midgap states are dependent on impurity potential. For finite positive potential, the impurity tends to bind negative charge carriers and vise versa. The infinite impurity potential problem is related to chiral symmetry in BP

Vector magnetic field sensing by single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond

In this Letter, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a method to detect vector magnetic field with a single nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond. The magnetic field in parallel with the axis of the NV center can be obtained by detecting the electron Zeeman shift, while the Larmor precession of an ancillary nuclear spin close to the NV center can be used to measure the field perpendicular to the axis. Experimentally, both the Zeeman shift and Larmor precession can be measured through the fluorescence from the NV center. By applying additional calibrated magnetic fields, complete information of the vector magnetic field can be achieved with such a method. This vector magnetic field detection method is insensitive to temperature fluctuation and it can be applied to nanoscale magnetic measurement.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Retirement Income and Financial Market Participation in New Zealand

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Spin correlated interferometry for polarized and unpolarized photons on a beam splitter

Spin interferometry of the 4th order for independent polarized as well as unpolarized photons arriving simultaneously at a beam splitter and exhibiting spin correlation while leaving it, is formulated and discussed in the quantum approach. Beam splitter is recognized as a source of genuine singlet photon states. Also, typical nonclassical beating between photons taking part in the interference of the 4th order is given a polarization dependent explanation.Comment: RevTeX, 19 pages, 1 ps figure, author web page at http://m3k.grad.hr/pavici

The packing of granular polymer chains

Rigid particles pack into structures, such as sand dunes on the beach, whose overall stability is determined by the average number of contacts between particles. However, when packing spatially extended objects with flexible shapes, additional concepts must be invoked to understand the stability of the resulting structure. Here we study the disordered packing of chains constructed out of flexibly-connected hard spheres. Using X-ray tomography, we find long chains pack into a low-density structure whose mechanical rigidity is mainly provided by the backbone. On compaction, randomly-oriented, semi-rigid loops form along the chain, and the packing of chains can be understood as the jamming of these elements. Finally we uncover close similarities between the packing of chains and the glass transition in polymers.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure