Influence of the temperature factor on the hydraulic resistance of pressure pipes

The assessment of the temperature factor influence on the pressure pipeline hydraulic operation mode is very relevant, since it is considered primarily as an opportunity to reduce the cost of mechanical water transportation. Smaller pressure pipe hydraulic resistances save the electrical energy consumption, and the temperature factor has an additional positive effect on the energy saving process. The purpose of the research is to identify the nature of changes in the hydraulic friction value in relation to the temperature conditions of the transferred water temperature and environmental conditions in the designed ranges, with the subsequent possible control of the transportation process with minimum electrical energy consumption. The method of achieving these goals is an experimental and analytical approach aimed at determining the dynamics of changes in the hydraulic parameters of pipelines made of various materials. The tasks of experimental bench studies include the development of a method for calculating the values of hydraulic friction coefficients for pressure pipelines. The results of hydraulic experiments and comprehensive analysis of the experimental and calculated data for determining the hydraulic friction coefficients for polyethylene pipe are presented. The calculated values of the hydraulic friction coefficient were compared with the experimental ones, which enabled identification of their sufficiently high convergence. The conclusions show a positive effect of reducing hydraulic resistances depending on the increase in the temperature of the transported water

About Development and Verification of Software for Finite Element Analysis of Beam Systems

AbstractThe distinctive paper is devoted to author's software (Windows application) for finite element analysis (FEA) of beam systems. Program application package provides convenient graphical interface to the user for quick creation of layout design in accordance with given coordinates of nodes. User can specify various boundary conditions in the corresponding nodes or apply external loads. The results of FEA are displayed in text and graphical forms (including visualization of deformed scheme). Moreover, these results can be exported into a Microsoft Word document. Open source and freeware program has been created by Microsoft Visual C++. Information about verification samples is presentedClic

DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE DESIGN PRACTICE FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND PIPELINES WITH TRENCHLESS METHODS

The article focuses on the possibilities of multi-optional design of repair and rehabilitation works on dilapidated pressure pipeline networks with the use of automated complexes in order to achieve minimum energy costs in water transportation with regard to the temperature factor. Two automated programs based on hydraulic and energy calculation operations are presented as digital tools. As a basic variant of reconstruction of dilapidated pipelines, the trenchless Swagelining technology was accepted. It is realized by pulling pre-compressed polymer pipes into old pipelines with their subsequent straightening. The paper presents information on regulatory and technical documentation and the application of advanced technology, installation and operation conditions, as well as comparative assessment of energy consumption after reconstruction of dilapidated sections of pipelines with polymer pipes with the possibility of minimizing energy consumption during water transportation under non-isothermal conditions of pipeline operation

Influence of the temperature factor on the hydraulic resistance of pressure pipes

The assessment of the temperature factor influence on the pressure pipeline hydraulic operation mode is very relevant, since it is considered primarily as an opportunity to reduce the cost of mechanical water transportation. Smaller pressure pipe hydraulic resistances save the electrical energy consumption, and the temperature factor has an additional positive effect on the energy saving process. The purpose of the research is to identify the nature of changes in the hydraulic friction value in relation to the temperature conditions of the transferred water temperature and environmental conditions in the designed ranges, with the subsequent possible control of the transportation process with minimum electrical energy consumption. The method of achieving these goals is an experimental and analytical approach aimed at determining the dynamics of changes in the hydraulic parameters of pipelines made of various materials. The tasks of experimental bench studies include the development of a method for calculating the values of hydraulic friction coefficients for pressure pipelines. The results of hydraulic experiments and comprehensive analysis of the experimental and calculated data for determining the hydraulic friction coefficients for polyethylene pipe are presented. The calculated values of the hydraulic friction coefficient were compared with the experimental ones, which enabled identification of their sufficiently high convergence. The conclusions show a positive effect of reducing hydraulic resistances depending on the increase in the temperature of the transported water

Formation of harmful volatile substances in sewage systems and their neutralization

The study of the ways of harmful volatile substance formation in sewerage systems, as well as a rapid and economical neutralization of these substances by construction, mechanical, physical and chemical, hydrodynamic and other methods is an urgent task that contributes to the protection of humans and the environment from toxic pollutants. The purpose of the presented studies is evaluation of the effectiveness of the impact on harmful volatile substances, through application of various methods designed to completely eliminate the conditions for the occurrence of odors harmful to human health or significantly reduce their amount to the maximum permissible concentrations in the airspace of cities. The methods have considered the description of the available ways of the odor identification by chemical and organoleptic analysis. The results provide a description of methods for blocking the formation of volatile substances. The operational works (methods of pipeline cleaning, ventilation, dosing of chemicals in waste waters) have been considered as the blocking measures, and the construction design ones (reconstruction of networks and facilities, biological, thermal, catalytic, electro-physical and other gas treatment methods) have been considered as the ways to reduce the spread of noxious odors. As a conclusion, it is noted that the complete elimination of the harmful volatile substance problem is possible by taking comprehensive measures to eliminate (minimize) the emission of gases into the environment

Stabilization of hydraulic characteristics for non-pressure pipelines

The article presents the aspects concerning the preservation of the transporting capacity of the waste water flow in the gravity pipeline during its trenchless renovation by polymer pipes. It is shown that the priority measure to preserve the required degree of self-cleaning of the restored pipeline section, as well as these ones adjacent to it, are the values of the water flow rate and filling in the pipe, which allows to provide the necessary transportation capacity of the entire pipeline system. A formula for determining the length of the rate destabilization zone is proposed and the calculation results using an automated program are given. The program algorithm includes the functions to determine the hydraulic friction coefficients of the pipeline material depending on various parameters, as well as the diameters and lengths of all sections. The essence of the calculations using an automated complex is described and the comparison of the calculation results under different conditions is made. There are given practical recommendations for the potential achievement of the hydraulic balance in the pipeline system and the creation of conditions under which the destabilization zone on the site after the repair becomes minimal

Static calculations of the pipeline under sanitation by means of “pipe-in-pipe” method

In recent years, methods of trenchless pipe reconstruction have become widely used in Russia. Once the polymer pipe pulled into the existing pipeline, the necessity of filling the intertube space with a mortar is solved. Due to the lack of clear recommendations on the implementation of the filling, builders often perform these works by trial and error. This requires special research. The article deals with an analysis of standards in this area, There is an example of a static strength calculation

Calculation of the hydraulic characteristics of the protective coating used in trenchless technologies for the construction and renovation of pipelines to extend their service life

The lifetime of the pipeline, which undergoes trenchless repair by pulling and then fixing various types of internal protective coatings inside, is determined by the strength characteristics of the two-layer structure “old pipeline + internal protective coating”. Hydraulic parameters of internal protective coatings, such as surface roughness and degree of hydrophobicity (water repellency), can play a role in prolonging the life of the repaired pipeline. With a high degree of hydrophobicity of the protective coating, the contact of the transported liquid with the walls of the pipeline during its operation in the non-pressure regime decreases, which leads to a decrease in the negative impact on the walls, in particular, their attrition, interaction with the specific structure of the coating material, which in turn reduces the energy costs when transporting water. Given article deals with a mathematical description of the interaction of the surface structure (with its inherent wetting ability) and the transported liquid in a mini-stream created on an inclined open chute imitating the inner surface of a pressureless pipeline. The theoretical positions and methodology for calculating the degree of hydrophobicity are based on research conducted on the basis of frontal and coaxial (along the flow) digital photo and video.

Calculation of the hydraulic characteristics of the protective coating used in trenchless technologies for the construction and renovation of pipelines to extend their service life

The lifetime of the pipeline, which undergoes trenchless repair by pulling and then fixing various types of internal protective coatings inside, is determined by the strength characteristics of the two-layer structure “old pipeline + internal protective coating”. Hydraulic parameters of internal protective coatings, such as surface roughness and degree of hydrophobicity (water repellency), can play a role in prolonging the life of the repaired pipeline. With a high degree of hydrophobicity of the protective coating, the contact of the transported liquid with the walls of the pipeline during its operation in the non-pressure regime decreases, which leads to a decrease in the negative impact on the walls, in particular, their attrition, interaction with the specific structure of the coating material, which in turn reduces the energy costs when transporting water. Given article deals with a mathematical description of the interaction of the surface structure (with its inherent wetting ability) and the transported liquid in a mini-stream created on an inclined open chute imitating the inner surface of a pressureless pipeline. The theoretical positions and methodology for calculating the degree of hydrophobicity are based on research conducted on the basis of frontal and coaxial (along the flow) digital photo and video.

The Organization of Autodesk Revit Software Interaction with Applications for Structural Analysis

AbstractThe article deals with the export procedure of building construction parameters from Autodesk Revit to the program of structural analysis. At first, the procedure uses the C# plug-in, which extracts parameters of the construction elements from the Revit document and outputs them to a text file. The parameters can be physical (properties of materials), geometrical (size, coordinates, the cross-sectional shape) and other. Then, a special program-converter reads the file, generates a beam frame model and stores the information in a new format, which is compatible with the program of structural analysis earlier developed by the authors. This program allows to add both vertical or horizontal loads and moment to any of the beam frame nodes. The finite element method is used for structural analysis. The deformation schema is showed as the result of finite element analysis under the loads. The opportunity to get Microsoft Word document, which contains main characteristics of beam construction, is implemented