Differential expression of a new isoform of DLG2 in renal oncocytoma

BACKGROUND: Renal oncocytoma, a benign tumour of the kidney, may pose a differential diagnostic problem due to overlapping phenotype with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma or other types of renal cell tumours. Therefore, identification of molecular markers would be of great value for molecular diagnostics of this tumour type. METHODS: In the current study we applied various techniques, including Affymetrix microarray hybridization and semiquantitative RT-PCR, to identify genes expressed differentially in renal oncocytomas. Subsequently, we used RACE and Northern blot hybridization to characterize the potential candidates for molecular diagnosis. RESULTS: We have identified new isoform of DLG2 gene, which contains 3'-end exons of the known DLG2 gene along with the hypothetical gene FLJ37266. The new isoform is specifically upregulated in renal oncocytoma, whereas the known DLG2 gene is downregulated in this type of kidney tumour. CONCLUSION: The new isoform of DLG2 is the promising candidate gene for molecular differential diagnostics of renal oncocytoma

Differential expression of a new isoform of DLG2 in renal oncocytoma

Abstract Background Renal oncocytoma, a benign tumour of the kidney, may pose a differential diagnostic problem due to overlapping phenotype with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma or other types of renal cell tumours. Therefore, identification of molecular markers would be of great value for molecular diagnostics of this tumour type. Methods In the current study we applied various techniques, including Affymetrix microarray hybridization and semiquantitative RT-PCR, to identify genes expressed differentially in renal oncocytomas. Subsequently, we used RACE and Northern blot hybridization to characterize the potential candidates for molecular diagnosis. Results We have identified new isoform of DLG2 gene, which contains 3'-end exons of the known DLG2 gene along with the hypothetical gene FLJ37266. The new isoform is specifically upregulated in renal oncocytoma, whereas the known DLG2 gene is downregulated in this type of kidney tumour. Conclusion The new isoform of DLG2 is the promising candidate gene for molecular differential diagnostics of renal oncocytoma.</p

The impact of primary packaging on the quality of parenteral products

The unique approach in manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage forms of active substances known to be unstable in aqueous solution is the introduction of lyophilization process. Nevertheless, these products must be reconstituted using the diluent from a separate container before application. The possible solution for this problem is the application of dual chamber vials comprising the freeze-dried product in a lower compartment of the vial and the solution for reconstitution in the upper chamber. The main issue in development of such product is the choice of contact packaging (rubber closures, glass vials and the container closure system as a whole). The most important parameter used for evaluation of the influence of contact material on product quality was the pH value. The results have shown that the type of vials (moulded or tubular glass) has no impact on pH shift of the solution for reconstitution (tested solution-TS), while significant differences in pH value of the TS were observed depending on the rubber closures formulation used (with some formulations, the pH shift during the test was 6.5-9.14). Benzyl alcohol assay during the tests remained unchanged. Integrity tests of the container closure system (CCS) have demonstrated the adequacy of the selected packaging system. The quality of the CCS of choice was confirmed in the course of stability studies, only parameters directly influenced by CCS being presented in this work: loss on drying and pH value. On the basis of these results, no changes in loss on drying were connected to CCS, and the pH value of the reconstituted solution remains unchanged in samples tested both ex-tempore and after in-use period of 48 h

Artificial neural networks in the modeling and optimization of aspirin extended release tablets with Eudragit L 100 as matrix substance

The purpose of the present study was to model the effects of the concentration of Eudragit L 100 and compression pressure as the most important process and formulation variables on the in vitro release profile of aspirin from matrix tablets formulated with Eudragit L 100 as matrix substance and to optimize the formulation by artificial neural network. As model formulations, 10 kinds of aspirin matrix tablets were prepared. The amount of Eudragit L 100 and the compression pressure were selected as causal factors. In vitro dissolution time profiles at 4 different sampling times were chosen as responses. A set of release parameters and causal factors were used as tutorial data for the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and analyzed using a computer. Observed results of drug release studies indicate that drug release rates vary widely between investigated formulations, with a range of 5 hours to more than 10 hours to complete dissolution. The GRNN model was optimized. The root mean square value for the trained network was 1.12%, which indicated that the optimal GRNN model was reached. Applying the generalized distance function method, the optimal tablet formulation predicted by GRNN was with 5% of Eudragit L 100 and tablet hardness 60N. Calculated difference (f1 2.465) and similarity (f2 85.61) factors indicate that there is no difference between predicted and experimentally observed drug release profiles for the optimal formulation. This work illustrates the potential for an artificial neural network, GRNN, to assist in development of extended release dosage forms

Postupak za imobilizaciju enzima na oksidovanim ljuskama krompira

Patentna prijava P-2023/1067. Podnosilac TM