Nasleđivanje dužine klasa kod hibrida pšenice F3, F4 i F5 generacije potomstva primenom različitih metoda selekcije

This study analyses the mode of inheritance of spike length in F3, F4 and F5 wheat hybrids obtained by pedigree, bulk and modified pedigree method of selection. Wheat hybrids were produced after crossing five varieties by M x N method. Three varieties were used as a female parent (Briscard, Carifen 12 and Rescler) and two as a male component (Francuska and PKB-Prelivka). Descendents in F2 generation were produced from 6 F1 hybrids (3 x 2). Selection after F2 generation were undertaken from 1996 to 1999, while in 2000 the field experiments with complete breeding material were set up at the Institute 'PKB INI Agroekonomik' in Padinska Skela near Belgrade. Spike length was measured in progeny generations, from F3 to F5. It was observed that progenies had higher values for spike length than better parent (BP, with longer spikes) in 5 out of 6 analyzed hybrids: Briscard x PKB-Prelivka, Carifen 12 x Francuska, Carifen 12 x PKB-Prelivka, Rescler x Francuska, and Rescler x PKB-Prelivka. From the above mentioned hybrid combinations, only Rescler x Francuska descendents in F5 generation obtained by pedigree and bulk selection inherited the spike length from the parent with lower value. High significant interaction was observed for spike length between genotype and generation of progenies in each of the applied selection methods.U radu je analiziran način nasleđivanja dužine klasa kod hibrida pšenice F3, F4 i F5 generacija dobijenih primenom pedigre, bulk i modifikovanog pedigre metoda selekcije. Hibridi pšenice dobijeni su ukrštanjem pet sorti, po M x N šemi ukrštanja. Sorte Briscard, Carifen 12 i Rescler korišćene su kao majke, a sorte Francuska i PKB-Prelivka kao očevi. Od šest F1 hibrida (3 x 2) proizvedena su potomstva F2 generacije. Selekcija iz F2 generacije trajala je od 1996. do 1999, a u 2000. godini postavljeni su poljski ogledi sa celokupnim selekcionim materijalom u Institutu 'PKB INI Agroekonomik' u Padinskoj Skeli pored Beograda. Praćena je osobina dužina klasa u generacijama potomstva, od F3 do F5 generacije. Uočeno je da potomstva imaju veću dužinu klasa nego bolji roditelj (BP, sa dužim klasom) kod 5 od 6 hibridnih kombinacija: Briscard x PKB-Prelivka, Carifen 12 x Francuska, Carifen 12 x PKB-Prelivka, Rescler x Francuska, Rescler x PKB-Prelivka. Kod navedenih hibridnih kombinacija, jedino generacijsko odstupanje u nasleđivanju bilo je u F5 generaciji kod hibrida Rescler x Francuska, gde su potomci ispoljili dužinu klasa slabijeg roditelja i pri pedigre i pri bulk metodu selekcije. Po vrednostima dužine klasa postojala je znatna interakcija između genotipova i generacija potomstva pri svakom od primenjenih metoda selekcije

Efekat kisele i bazne hidrolize na imunomodulatorska svojstva glukana viših gljiva, in vitro

Immunomodulatory activities of higher mushroom glucans depend on such chemical properties as their molecular weight, branching patterns, water solubility and tertiary structure. The aim of the study was to examine how glucans size and conformation affect their in vitro immunomodulatory properties. Measurements of the immunomodulatory capacity of Agaricus blazei and Phellinus linteus native glucans showed that A. blazei glucans expressed an immunostimulating effect on activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the synthesis of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). P. linteus glucans showed a characteristic immunosuppressive effect. The results obtained after the stimulation of cells with 1M H2SO4 and 1M NaOH treated glucans confirmed that the immunomodulatory activity of glucans was due to the size and conformation. Glucans of a lower molecular weight obtained after acid hydrolysis appeared to be effective immunostimulators of PBMCs. Obtained results indicated that the primary structure of glucans was of more importance then the tertiary structure of the triple helix for their immunostimulating activity. The study confirmed that the size and conformation of native P. linteus glucans were of a primary importance for their immunosupressive effect.Imunomodulatorska aktivnost glukana viših gljiva u funkciji je od njihovih hemijskih karakteristika, kao što su molekulska masa, stepen grananja, rastvorljivost u vodi i tercijarna struktura. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita uticaj veličine i konformacije miko glukana na njihova imunomodularska svojstva, in vitro. Merenjem imunomodulatorskog kapaciteta Agaricus blazei i Phellinus linteus nativnih glukana pokazano je da A. blazei glukani imaju izraženo imunostimulativno dejstvo na aktivirane mononuklearne ćelije krvi iz perifernog krvotoka (PBMC-Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell) i stimulaciju sinteze interferona-gama (IFN-γ). P. linteus glukani su ispoljili izraženo imunosupresivno dejstvo. Stimulacijom ćelija glukanima koji su prethodno hidrolizovani 1M H2SO4 i 1M NaOH zaključeno je da su veličina i konformacija molekula bitne hemijske karakteristike od kojih zavisi njihova imunomodulatorska aktivnost. Glukani manjih molekulskih masa, nastali nakon kisele hidrolize, pokazali su se kao efikasni imunostimulatori PBMC ćelija. Ukazano je da je za imunostimulativnu aktivnost ovih molekula bitna primarna struktura, a ne konformacija trostrukog heliksa nativnih molekula. Ispitivanjem imunosupresivnog efekta P. linteus glukana na sintezu IFN-γ pokazano je da su za ovaj efekat bitna veličina molekula kao i konformacija nativnih molekula

Efekti doze gena kod hordeina u triploidnom endospermu ječma (Hordeum vulgare L.)

The presence of two maternal chromosome sets in triploid barley endosperm allows the distinction of maternal and paternal hordein bands in an electrophoregram: the maternal bands are stronger due to the higher gene dose. In the F1 generation there are differences between reciprocal crosses and in the F2 generation all 16 classes that are theoretically possible for a pair of polymorphic loci can be distinguished. This full classification is rarely possible in genetic studies, and allows more accurate estimates of recombination rates. Two hordein gene clusters (Hor1 and Hor2, corresponding to hordein C and hordein B respectively) were analyzed in hybrids obtained by crossing two winter barley cultivars Partizan and HWV-247. Hordein separation was performed by acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.2 (A-PAGE). A set of most informative bands of B and C hordeins was selected in each cross by two criteria: (1) presence or absence of bands in the parents and (2) signal strength to allow doses scoring. The average genetic distance between Hor1 and Hor2 loci was 11 cM. Distances in male and female maps were not significantly different, suggesting a similar recombination rate in male and female meiosis.Prisustvo dva majčinska seta hromozoma u triploidnom endospermu zrna ječma omogućuje razlikovanje hordeinskih traka u elektroforegramu koje potiču od majke i oca: majčinske komponente su jače ispoljene usled dejstva efekta doze gena. U F1 generaciji vidljive su razlike kod recipročnog ukrštanja, a u F2 generaciji je moguće razlikovati svih 16 teoretski očekivanih klasa za par polimorfnih lokusa. Ova potpuna klasifikacija redak je fenomen u genetičkim studijama te zbog toga omogućuje precizniju procenu rekombinacija. Dve grupe hordeinskih gena, Hor1 i Hor2 koji kodiraju C I B hordeine, su analizirane kod hibrida nastalih ukrštanjem dve ozime sorte ječma Partizan i HWV-247. Separacija hordeina je izvršena primenom kisele poliakrilamidne gel elektriforeze pri pH 3.2 (A-PAGE). Set najinformativnijih hordeinskih trajka za B i C hordeine je odabran na osnovu sledećih kriterijuma: (1) prisustvo ili odsustvo trake kod roditelja i (2) jačina signala koja omogućava ocenu efekta doze gena. Prosečna genetička distance između Hor1 i Hor2 lokusa bila je 11 cM. Genetičke distance kod roditeljskih komponenti nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale što sugeriše sličnu distribuciju rekombinacija u obe mejoze

Studija projekta 'Optimizacija i standardizacija autohtone tehnologije sjeničkog sira sa zaštitom oznake porekla'

Investigations are based on use of natural potentials on the wide region of Sjenica-Pešter highlands. Certain parameters on selected locations are recorded (soil, vegetation, livestock production, technology of milk and cheese production). On selected locations, farms and processing capacities detail researches are carried out relating to soil, artificial and natural grasslands, reproductive and production potential of cattle and sheep, determination of genetic and non-genetic factors affecting milk traits, quantity and quality of milk, proteins, milk fat, lactose, etc., technological and microbiological traits of milk and cheese. Main objectives of this research and development project is to realize scientific -technological solutions in primary livestock production using our own scientific potentials in order to provide increased productivity, increased number of market farmers capable for competitive economy and production on domestic and foreign market with recognized final product with protected geographical origin, in other words - optimization and standardization of native technology of white cheese from Sjenica with protected brand and origin.Istraživanja su zasnovana na korišćenju prirodnih potencijala šireg regiona Sjeničko-pešterske visoravni. U okviru ovih istraživanja obavlja se snimanje i proučavanje određenih parametara na odabranim lokalitetima ( zemljište, vegetacija, stočarstvo, tehnologija mleka i sira). Na odabranim lokalitetima, farmama i preradjivačkim kapacitetima obavljaju se detaljna istraživanja, zemljišta, prirodnih i veštačkih travnjaka i livada, reproduktivnih i proizvodnih potencijala goveda i ovaca, determinacija genetskih i negenetskih faktora na svojstva mlečnosti, kvantitet i kvalitet mleka, proteini, mlečna mast, laktoza i dr.,tehnološka i mikrobiološka svojstva mleka i sira. Osnovni ciljevi ovog istraživačko-razvojnog projekta je da se korišćenjem sopstvenih naučnih potencijala dođe do naučno-tehnoloških rešenja u primarnoj stočarskoj proizvodnji, koja će obezbediti porast produktivnosti, povećanje robnih proizvođača osposobljenih za konkurentnu proizvodnju na domaćem i stranom tržištu sa prepoznatljivim finalnim proizvodom zaštićenog geografskog porekla, odnosno optimizaciju i standardizaciju autohtone tehnologije Sjeničkog sira sa zaštitom oznake porekla

Uticaj vremena primene auksina na formiranje haploidnih embriona pšenice

A hybrid interspecies zygote appears after crosses between wheat and maize Zygote derived after usual self-fertilization in wheat is dividing by mitotic divisions into embryo. However, interspecies zygote aborts soon. Auxin treatment is widely used to promote its development. Growth hormones auxins have stimulative ortoxic effects on plant tissue sin relation to its concentration and the time of application. In this paper the effect of time of auxin dicamba application on embryo in wheat x maize crosses was investigated. Chromosomes of pollen donor parent are eliminated quickly in cells of such embryos and they become haploid. It was concluded that for the production of haploid embryos the best time for auxin application is one day after pollination with maize.Posle ukrštanja pšenice sa kukuruzom nastaje hibridni interspecies zigot Zigot nastao uobičajenom samooplodnjom pšenice deli se mitotičkim deobama i formira embrion. Međutim, interspecies zigot relativno brzo abortira. Da bi se podstakao njegov razvoj koristi se auksinski tretman. Auksini su hormoni rasta koji u zavisnosti od koncentracije i vremena primene imaju stimulativni ili toksični efekat na razvoj biljnih tkiva. U ovom radu analiziranje efekat vremena primene auksina dikamba u koncentraciji od 100 ppm na formiranje embriona pšenice dobijenih posle ukrštanja sa kukuruzom. U ćelijama takvih embriona tokom razvoja brzo se gube hromozomi donora polena, te oni postaju haploidni embrioni. Zaključeno je da za proizvodnju haploidnih embriona optimalno vreme tretiranja klasova pšenice je jedan dan posle oprašivanja polenom kukuruza

Influence of reproductive pathway on the phenotype of F1 potato hybrids

The influence of two reproductive pathways: sexual reproduction and vegetative propagation. on the phenotypic values of F1 potato hybrids was analyzed. Population of 150 genotypes obtained after crossing of two Dutch varieties (Cosmos and Van Gogh) was investigated. Investigations were conducted in contemporary net house of Potato Research Center at Guta during two years. Seedlings were investigated in the first year while clones were investigated in the second year. Values of three studied traits (leaf number per plant, total leaf area of plant and tuber yield per plant) differed significantly between F1 seedling and clones. Phenotypic values of the other three studied traits (single leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves and harvest index) were similar between F1 seedling and clones. It was concluded reproductive pathway had the great influence on some phenotype characteristics of F1 potato hybrids. Surprisely. reproductive pathway had no influence on the relationships between six studied traits. The values of simple correlation coefficients among all six traits were similar in seedlings and clones

Studija projekta 'Optimizacija i standardizacija autohtone tehnologije sjeničkog sira sa zaštitom oznake porekla'

Investigations are based on use of natural potentials on the wide region of Sjenica-Pešter highlands. Certain parameters on selected locations are recorded (soil, vegetation, livestock production, technology of milk and cheese production). On selected locations, farms and processing capacities detail researches are carried out relating to soil, artificial and natural grasslands, reproductive and production potential of cattle and sheep, determination of genetic and non-genetic factors affecting milk traits, quantity and quality of milk, proteins, milk fat, lactose, etc., technological and microbiological traits of milk and cheese. Main objectives of this research and development project is to realize scientific -technological solutions in primary livestock production using our own scientific potentials in order to provide increased productivity, increased number of market farmers capable for competitive economy and production on domestic and foreign market with recognized final product with protected geographical origin, in other words - optimization and standardization of native technology of white cheese from Sjenica with protected brand and origin.Istraživanja su zasnovana na korišćenju prirodnih potencijala šireg regiona Sjeničko-pešterske visoravni. U okviru ovih istraživanja obavlja se snimanje i proučavanje određenih parametara na odabranim lokalitetima ( zemljište, vegetacija, stočarstvo, tehnologija mleka i sira). Na odabranim lokalitetima, farmama i preradjivačkim kapacitetima obavljaju se detaljna istraživanja, zemljišta, prirodnih i veštačkih travnjaka i livada, reproduktivnih i proizvodnih potencijala goveda i ovaca, determinacija genetskih i negenetskih faktora na svojstva mlečnosti, kvantitet i kvalitet mleka, proteini, mlečna mast, laktoza i dr.,tehnološka i mikrobiološka svojstva mleka i sira. Osnovni ciljevi ovog istraživačko-razvojnog projekta je da se korišćenjem sopstvenih naučnih potencijala dođe do naučno-tehnoloških rešenja u primarnoj stočarskoj proizvodnji, koja će obezbediti porast produktivnosti, povećanje robnih proizvođača osposobljenih za konkurentnu proizvodnju na domaćem i stranom tržištu sa prepoznatljivim finalnim proizvodom zaštićenog geografskog porekla, odnosno optimizaciju i standardizaciju autohtone tehnologije Sjeničkog sira sa zaštitom oznake porekla