Susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from animals and humans to tetracycline

Fifty five thermophilic Campylobacter spp. strains were isolated from cecum of broilers, cecum and colon of pigs and from human feces. The strains were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. The more prevalent species in broilers and humans was C. jejuni and in pigs C. coli. In the framework of this study, sensitivity to tetracycline in isolated strains of C. jejuni and C. coli was tested by E-test. In 16 tested strains isolated from broilers, 56.25% were resistant to tetracycline. Resistance occured more frequent in C. coli strains (66.67%). In 15 strains of termophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from pigs the percentage of resistant strains was 80%. Resistance was detected more often in C. coli (90.00%) isolates. The percentage of resistant C. jejuni strains from pigs was 60.00%. Resistance to tetracycline occurred in 29.17% of 24 thermophilic Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from humans. Generally, strains of thermophilic campylobacters, especially C. coli isolated in pigs are more frequent resistant to tetracycline than strains isolated in poultry and human. Therefore, attention should be directed to the tetracycline application monitoring in swine farming in order to prevent resistance appearance in animal strains and its subsequent spread to human strains

Cryptosporidium infekcija kod sisančadi, zalučene i prasadi posle zalučenja i krmača na području Beograda

The study of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in pigs was carried out in a rural area in the Belgrade district. Nursing, weaning and post-weaned piglets and sows kept in intensive breeding conditions were examined using two coprological procedures. Sheather’s sugar flotation was employed for concentration of oocysts. A modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique was used as the staining procedure. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 45.5% nursing, weaning and post-weaned piglets aged up to 3 months, in 32.8% post-weaned piglets aged 3 to 12 months and 15.5% sows older than 12 months. The highest prevalence of positive animals was detected among the weaning and post-weaned piglets aged 30 to 90 days (62.5%). All of the nursing piglets, positive for Cryptosporidium infection, had diarrhea. In post-weaned piglets (aged 3 to 12 months) and adult pigs Cryptosporidium infection was asymptomatic. Adult asymptomatic carriers may play an important role as a source of infection. These findings indicate the potential role of such pigs as reservoirs of cryptosporidia for young piglets, other livestock and humans.Istraživanje raširenosti Cryptosporidium infekcije kod svinja sprovedeno je u ruralnom području Beograda. Ispitivanje je obavljeno kod sisančadi zalučene prasadi, prasadi posle zalučenja i krmača u intenzivnom uzgoju. Korišćene su dve koprološke metode. Flotacija po Sheatheru korišćena je za koncentraciju oocista a modifikovana Ziehl-Neelsen tehnika kao metoda bojenja. Cryptosporidium oociste ustanovljene su kod 45,5% sisančadi zalučene i prasadi posle zalučenja stare do 3 meseca, 32,8% prasadi posle zalučenja stare 3 do 12 meseci i 15,5% krmača starijih od 12 meseci. Najviše pozitivnih jedinki ustanovljeno je kod zalučene i prasadi posle zalučenja stare 30 do 90 dana (62,5%). Sva sisančad, pozitivna na kriptosporidije imala su dijareju. Kod prasadi posle zalučenja (stare 3 do 12 meseci) i odraslih svinja Cryptosporidium infekcija bila je asimptomatska. Odrasli asimptomatski nosioci mogu da imaju značajnu ulogu kao izvori infekcije. Ovi nalazi ukazuju na potencijalnu ulogu ovih svinja kao rezervoara kriptosporidija za mladu prasad, druge životinje i ljude

Lumbricidae as transitory hosts in Metastrongylus infection in swine

Metastrongylidosis or lungworm disease in swine is a disease caused by several types of nematodes of the genus Metastrongylus. Metastrongylidae are biohelminths whose causes use transitory hosts for their development and maintaining their biological cycle, and in this case they are numerous species of Lumbricidae (earthworms). Depending on the geographic environment, numerous representatives of Lumbricidae persist as transitory hosts. In our environment, these are dominant earthworm species of the genus Eisenia spp, Dandreobena spp, Allopbophora spp, Lubricus spp, Octoiasium spp, Bimastus spp, and rarely those from the genus Heledrillus spp. Swine are infected perorally with Metastrongylidae when they ingest infected earthworms

Scarabidae - prelazni domaćini za macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infestation is parasitosis caused by Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus Adult forms parasite in small intestine of swine. Development of parasite is happening through intermediate hosts - coleopteras from Scarabaeidae family (Melolontha vulgaris, Cetonia aurata, Polyphilla fullo, Anomalia vitis etc). Infection begins when swines ingest infected coleopteras. Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infestation is encountered in swines in extensive breeding, as well as in wild boars.Makrakantorinhoza je parazitoza uzrokovana akantocefalom Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Odrasli paraziti parazitiraju u tankim crevima svinja. Razvoj parazita se odvija preko prelaznih domaćina - koleoptera iz familije Scarabidae (Melolontha vulgaris, Cetonia aurata, Polyphilla fullo, Anomalia vitis i dr). Infekcija nastaje kada svinje pojedu zaražene koleoptere. Makrakantorinhoza se sreće kod svinja u ekstenzivnom držanju, kao i kod divqih svinja

Promene EKG tokom hiperinfuzione terapije konja sa hroničnim opstruktivnim oboljenjima

This study describes investigations into the electrocardiogram changes in 27 horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), during hyperinfusion therapy with isotonic saline solution. Immediately after hyperinfusion therapy the equine ECG showed a temporary sinus tachycardia without atrial and ventricular rhythm disturbances. After infusion a highly significant shortening of the PQ-, QT and TP-intervals was observed. There was a positive correlation between the RR-interval and the duration of the PQ- and QT-intervals, but not with the duration of the P-, QRS- and T-waves.Ova studija opisuje ispitivanja promena u elektrokardiogramu 27 konja sa hroničnim plućnim oboljenjima (COPD) utoku hiperinfuzione terapije izotoničnim rastvorom soli. Neposredno posle hiperinfuzione terapije, EKG konja je pokazivao postojanje povremene sinusne tahikardije bez poremećaja ritma rada pretkomora i komora. Posle infuzije zapaženo je veoma izraženo skraćenje PQ, QT, TP intervala. Izražena je povezanost između RR intervala i trajanja PQ i QT intervala, ali ne i sa pojavom P, QRS i T talasa

Resistance to erythromycin of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from animals and humans

The sensititivity of thermophilic Campylobacter strains isolated from caecum of broiler chickens as well as caecum and colon of pigs and human stools, were tested against erythromycin. In 16 strains isolated in broiler chickens, resistance rate was found to be 12.50%. Three of 10 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and one of 6 strains of Campylobacter coli isolated from broiler chickens were resistant to erythromycin. In 15 strains of thermophilic Campylobacters isolated from pigs, resistance rate to erythromycin was 40.00%. Resistance was exhibited more often in C. coli (50.00%) as compared to C. jejuni (20.00%). In 24 strains isolated from humans, resistance was demonstrated at the rate of 12.50%. Out of 17 strains of C. jejuni isolated from humans, resistance was exhibited in 17.65% strains. None of 7 strains of C. coli isolated from humans exhibited resistance to erythromycin. Thermophilic campylobacters, especially C. coli isolated from pigs were more resistant to erythromycin than strains isolated from humans and broiler chickens. Therefore, a great attention should be directed to the macrolides monitoring in swine farming in order to prevent resistance in animals and its subsequent spread to human

Dijagnoza, anestezija i operativni zahvat kod rupture mokraćne bešike novorođene ždrebadi

This study describes methods for the diagnosis, anesthesia and operative repair in 4 neonatal foals with urinary bladder rupture. Diagnosis was based on case history, clinical signs, changes in serum chemistry analyzes (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic acidosis and increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels), abdominocentesis, ultrasound and electrocardiographs. As electrolyte abnormalities and acid-base derangement can lead to the development of cardiac arrhythmia during general anesthesia, surgical treatment of urinary bladder rupture in neonatal foals should be performed when the animal's condition has been stabilized. This includes infusion of physiological saline solution, 5 % glucose infusion with insulin (0.1U/kg) and 1.4% sodiumdrogencarbonate.Ova studija opsuje dijagnostikovanje, anesteziju i operativni tretman pri rupturi mokraćne bešike novorođene ždrebadi. Dijagnoza je zasnovana na istoriji bolesti, kliničkim simptomima, promenama u serumu ustanovljenim biohemijskim analizama (hiponatrijemija, hipokalijemija, hipohloremija, metabolička acidoza sa porastom nivoa serumskog kreatinina i ureje), abdominocintezi, ultrazvuku i elektrokardiografiji. Kao što poremećaji elektrolita i acido-bazne ravnoteže mogu dovesti do pojave srčane aritmije u toku opšte anestezije, hirurški tretman rupture bešike kod novorođene ždrebadi može biti primenjen kada je stabilizovano zdravstveno stanje životinje. Ovo uključuje infuziju fiziološkog rastvora, 5% glukoze sa insulinom (0,1 U/kg) i 1,4% Na-bikarbonat

Prevalencija gastrointestinalnih helminata kod teladi u zapadnoj Srbiji

This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in calves in western Serbia. Throughout 2011 faecal samples were collected from 600 calves aged up to 180 days, samples were examined with the flotation method and a modified McMaster technique. The parasitizing helminth species were identified and the level of infection compared between different age groups. As many as 64.17% animals were found to be infected. The following parasite species were diagnosed: Moniezia spp. (3.17%), Toxocara vitulorum (35.00%), Strongyloides papillosus (34.50%), gastrointestinal strongyles (4.50%) and Trichuris discolor (2.17%). The majority of calves were infected with two, fewer with three or one helminth species, and the smollest number of calves harboured four parasite species. The prevalence of established helminth infections varied depending on the calves' age.Studija je sprovedena sa ciljem da se utvrdi prevalencija gastrointestinalnih helminata kod teladi u zapadnom delu Srbije. Tokom 2011. godine prikupljeni su uzorci fecesa ukupno 600 teladi starosti do 180 dana. Uzorci su pregledani metodom flotacije i modifikovanom metodom po McMasteru. Determinisane su vrste helminata i određena je prevalencija infekcije kod teladi različite starosti. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazali su da je infekcija helmintima bila prisutna kod 64,17% pregledanih životinja. Ustanovljene su sledeće vrste helminata: Moniezia spp. (3,17%), Toxocara vitulorum (35,00%), Strongyloides papillosus (34,50%), želudačnocrevne strongilide (4,50%) i Trichuris discolor (2,17%). Većina teladi istovremeno je bila inficirana dvema vrstama, zatim sa tri i jednom vrstom helminta, dok je kod samo nekoliko životinja bilo ustanovljeno prisustvo četiri vrste ili grupe helminata. Prevalencija infekcija helmintima razlikovala se kod teladi različite starosti

Prevalence of zoonotic intestinal helminths in pet dogs and cats in the Belgrade area

The research was conducted in dogs and cats kept as pets on the territory of the city of Belgrade (Serbia), between 2011 and 2014. Its aim was to examine the prevalence of intestinal helminths and to point out their zoonotic potential. Coprological tests were carried out on samples from 528 household pets (421 dogs and 107 cats). The research included specimens from both gender, the dogs were between 2 months and 14 years old and the cats were from 1 month to 15 years old. The diagnosed parasites included: toxocarosis (Toxocora canis 16.62% and Toxocora mystax 15.88%), ancylostomatidosis (in dogs 4.03%, and in cats 1.87%), trichuriosis (in dogs 4.03%, and in cats 0.93%) and dipilidiosis (in dogs 24.70% and in cats 21.49%). Most of the examined cats and dogs that were found positive for intestinal helminths were 1-8 years old. For the effective planning and conducting of preventive strategies, the most important is to know the epizootiology of intestinal helminths of dogs and cats, including the possibilities of transferring these helminths to people. The priorities include the continued education of pet owners by veterinarians, and also the close cooperation between the veterinary and the human health service

Infectivity of Trichinella spiralis larvae in pork buried in the ground

Time of survival and infectivity of Trichinella spiralis larvae in pig muscle tissue, buried at various depths in the ground were assessed. In the pork pieces the number of infective larvae was 250 ML/g. Meat originated from pig halves was divided in 39 equal pieces, 0.7 kg each, disposed in three groups of 13, and buried in depths of 30, 50, and 100 centimeters respectively. The pork was dug up at 13 intervals, approximately every week, until 91(st) day of the experiment. After each time interval, infectivity of larvae was assessed by bioassay on rats. The artificially infected rats were sacrificed on 42(nd) day after the infection and meat was examined by the following methods - artificial digestion and trichinoscopy. It was found that the larvae during all 90 days preserved infectivity in each depth