Entity-Aspect-Opinion-Sentiment Quadruple Extraction for Fine-grained Sentiment Analysis

Product reviews often contain a large number of implicit aspects and object-attribute co-existence cases. Unfortunately, many existing studies in Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) have overlooked this issue, which can make it difficult to extract opinions comprehensively and fairly. In this paper, we propose a new task called Entity-Aspect-Opinion-Sentiment Quadruple Extraction (EASQE), which aims to hierarchically decompose aspect terms into entities and aspects to avoid information loss, non-exclusive annotations, and opinion misunderstandings in ABSA tasks. To facilitate research in this new task, we have constructed four datasets (Res14-EASQE, Res15-EASQE, Res16-EASQE, and Lap14-EASQE) based on the SemEval Restaurant and Laptop datasets. We have also proposed a novel two-stage sequence-tagging based Trigger-Opinion framework as the baseline for the EASQE task. Empirical evaluations show that our Trigger-Opinion framework can generate satisfactory EASQE results and can also be applied to other ABSA tasks, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art methods. We have made the four datasets and source code of Trigger-Opinion publicly available to facilitate further research in this area

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Straw and Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Acidification Mitigation and Erosion Control

[Objective] To demonstrate that appropriate application of straw and organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil quality, have a positive effect on soil acidification mitigation and erosion control. [Method] Acidified red soil was used as the research object and a comparative analysis was performed for the effects of conventional fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer reduction (30%), straw returning (6 000 kg/hm2, FSM0), and the combination of chemical fertilizer reduction (30%) coupled with straw returning (6 000 kg/hm2) and different gradients of organic fertilizers (1 500, 3 000, 4 500 and 6 000 kg/hm2) (FSM1, FSM2, FSM3, and FSM4) on soil properties at different stages of rapeseed growth and rapeseed yield. [Results] The reduction of chemical fertilizers combined with straw and organic fertilizer application significantly (p < 0.05) improved soil acidity and nutrient status. Compared with CK, soil pH increased by 0.05~0.25 unit under the five treatments, while exchangeable H+, exchangeable Al3+, and exchangeable acids decreased by 10.82%~39.81%, 5.18%~22.10% and 5.67%~23.90%, respectively. Additionally, the total exchangeable base increased by 7.63%~34.68%, and the total nitrogen and organic matter contents in the soil also significantly increased (by 19.22%~62.86% and 18.43%~61.50%, respectively). Analysis of soil mechanics properties indicated that with the increase of organic fertilizer application, soil shear strength was significantly enhanced, while the cohesion and internal friction angle exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Under FSM2 treatment, the shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle all reached their peak values, with a respective increase of 22.22%, 20.06% and 11.38% relative to CK. Economic benefit analysis revealed that FSM2 had the highest net income. [Conclusion] Based on soil acidification improvement, fertility enhancement, structural improvement, and rapeseed economic benefits, chemical fertilizer reduction (30%) coupled with straw returning (6 000 kg/hm2) and 3 000 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer application can be recommended as the optimal management strategy. The results of this study can provide a scientific foundation for improving soil acidification and increasing crop yields

A Performance Analysis Framework of Time-Triggered Ethernet Using Real-Time Calculus

With increasing demands of deterministic and real-time communication, network performance analysis is becoming an increasingly important research topic in safety-critical areas, such as aerospace, automotive electronics and so on. Time-triggered Ethernet (TTEthernet) is a novel hybrid network protocol based on the Ethernet standard; it is deterministic, synchronized and congestion-free. TTEthernet with a time-triggered mechanism meets the real-time and reliability requirements of safety-critical applications. Time-triggered (TT) messages perform strict periodic scheduling following the offline schedule tables. Different scheduling strategies have an effect on the performance of TTEthernet. In this paper, a performance analysis framework is designed to analyze the end-to-end delay, backlog bounds and resource utilization of network by real-time calculus. This method can be used as a base for the performance evaluation of TTEthernet scheduling. In addition, this study discusses the impacts of clock synchronization and traffic integration strategies on TT traffic in the network. Finally, a case study is presented to prove the feasibility of the performance analysis framework

A Performance Analysis Framework of Time-Triggered Ethernet Using Real-Time Calculus

With increasing demands of deterministic and real-time communication, network performance analysis is becoming an increasingly important research topic in safety-critical areas, such as aerospace, automotive electronics and so on. Time-triggered Ethernet (TTEthernet) is a novel hybrid network protocol based on the Ethernet standard; it is deterministic, synchronized and congestion-free. TTEthernet with a time-triggered mechanism meets the real-time and reliability requirements of safety-critical applications. Time-triggered (TT) messages perform strict periodic scheduling following the offline schedule tables. Different scheduling strategies have an effect on the performance of TTEthernet. In this paper, a performance analysis framework is designed to analyze the end-to-end delay, backlog bounds and resource utilization of network by real-time calculus. This method can be used as a base for the performance evaluation of TTEthernet scheduling. In addition, this study discusses the impacts of clock synchronization and traffic integration strategies on TT traffic in the network. Finally, a case study is presented to prove the feasibility of the performance analysis framework.</jats:p

Formal Analysis and Verification of Airborne Software Based on DO-333

With rapid technological advances in airborne control systems, it has become imperative to ensure the reliability, robustness, and adaptability of airborne software since failure of these software could result in catastrophic loss of property and life. DO-333 is a supplement to the DO-178C standard, which is dedicated to guiding the application of formal methods in the review and analysis of airborne software development processes. However, DO-333 lacks theoretical guidance on how to choose appropriate formal methods and tools to achieve verification objectives at each stage of the verification process, thereby limiting their practical application. This paper is intended to illustrate the formal methods and tools available in the verification process to lay down a general guide for the formal development and verification of airborne software. We utilized the Air Data Computer (ADC) software as the research object and applied different formal methods to verify software lifecycle artifacts. This example explains how to apply formal methods in practical applications and proves the effectiveness of formal methods in the verification of airborne software

Formal Analysis and Verification of Airborne Software Based on DO-333

With rapid technological advances in airborne control systems, it has become imperative to ensure the reliability, robustness, and adaptability of airborne software since failure of these software could result in catastrophic loss of property and life. DO-333 is a supplement to the DO-178C standard, which is dedicated to guiding the application of formal methods in the review and analysis of airborne software development processes. However, DO-333 lacks theoretical guidance on how to choose appropriate formal methods and tools to achieve verification objectives at each stage of the verification process, thereby limiting their practical application. This paper is intended to illustrate the formal methods and tools available in the verification process to lay down a general guide for the formal development and verification of airborne software. We utilized the Air Data Computer (ADC) software as the research object and applied different formal methods to verify software lifecycle artifacts. This example explains how to apply formal methods in practical applications and proves the effectiveness of formal methods in the verification of airborne software.</jats:p

Reinforcement learning-based fixed-time trajectory tracking control for uncertain robotic manipulators with input saturation

A fixed-time trajectory tracking control method for uncertain robotic manipulators with input saturation based on reinforcement learning (RL) is studied. The designed reinforcement learning control algorithm is implemented by radial basis function (RBF) neural network, in which the actor neural network is used to generate the control strategy and the critic neural network is used to evaluate the execution cost. A new non-singular fast terminal sliding mode technique is used to ensure the convergence of tracking error in fixed time, and the upper bound of convergence time is estimated. To solve the saturation problem of an actuator, a nonlinear anti-windup compensator is designed to compensate for the saturation effect of the joint torque actuator in real time. Finally, the stability of the closed-loop system based on Lyapunov candidate is analyzed, and the timing convergence of the closed-loop system is proved. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control law.</div

Reinforcement learning-based fixed-time trajectory tracking control for uncertain robotic manipulators with input saturation

A fixed-time trajectory tracking control method for uncertain robotic manipulators with input saturation based on reinforcement learning (RL) is studied. The designed reinforcement learning control algorithm is implemented by radial basis function (RBF) neural network, in which the actor neural network is used to generate the control strategy and the critic neural network is used to evaluate the execution cost. A new non-singular fast terminal sliding mode technique is used to ensure the convergence of tracking error in fixed time, and the upper bound of convergence time is estimated. To solve the saturation problem of an actuator, a nonlinear anti-windup compensator is designed to compensate for the saturation effect of the joint torque actuator in real time. Finally, the stability of the closed-loop system based on Lyapunov candidate is analyzed, and the timing convergence of the closed-loop system is proved. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control law.</div