“Crossing the river while feeling the rocks”: Incremental land reform and its impact on rural welfare in China

millions fed, food security, Land reform, Land tenure, Collectivized agriculture, Household responsibility,

A soft Lasso model for the motion of a ball falling in the non-Newtonian fluid

From the mesoscopic point of view, a new concept of soft matching for mass points is proposed. Then a soft Lasso's approach to learn the soft dynamical equation for the physical mechanical relationship is proposed, too. Furthermore, a discrete iterative algorithm combining the Newton-Stokes term and the soft Lasso's term is developed to simulate the motion of a ball falling in non-Newtonian fluids. The theory is validated by numerical examples and shows satisfactory results, which exhibit the chaotic phenomena, sudden accelerations and the continual random oscillations. The pattern of the motion is independent of initial values and is preserved for long time

Adsorption of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution Using an Iron-Zirconium Binary Oxide Sorbent

In this study, an iron-zirconium binary oxide with a molar ratio of 4:1 was synthesized by a simple coprecipitation process for removal of phosphate from water. The effects of contact time, initial concentration of phosphate solution, temperature, pH of solution, and ionic strength on the efficiency of phosphate removal were investigated. The adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir model with the maximum P adsorption capacity estimated of 24.9 mg P/g at pH 8.5 and 33.4 mg P/g at pH 5.5. The phosphate adsorption was pH dependent, decreasing with an increase in pH value. The presence of Cl-, SO (4) (2-) , and CO (3) (2-) had little adverse effect on phosphate removal. A desorbability of approximately 53 % was observed with 0.5 M NaOH, indicating a relatively strong bonding between the adsorbed PO (4) (3-) and the sorptive sites on the surface of the adsorbent. The phosphate uptake was mainly achieved through the replacement of surface hydroxyl groups by the phosphate species and formation of inner-sphere surface complexes at the water/oxide interface. Due to its relatively high adsorption capacity, high selectivity and low cost, this Fe-Zr binary oxide is a very promising candidate for the removal of phosphate ions from wastewater

ETGP: Top-K Geography-Text P/S Approach without Threshold

Social media are more and more popular. Subsequently, geography-text data has caused wide attention. Different from the traditional publish/subscribe (P/S), geography-text data is published and subscribed in the form of dynamic data flow in the mobile network. The difference raises higher demands for facility. However, previous top-k geography-text P/S approaches want to set a set of thresholds. A user should take time to set a threshold for each subscription, which is not facile enough. The threshold yields many weaknesses to users. Therefore, we herein propose an efficient top-k geography-text P/S approach that excludes the threshold, called ETGP. Our approach does not need users to set any threshold. Subsequently, the ETGP returns the highest score results to the subscriber without setting a threshold. Therefore, our approach can lessen redundant computations, promote the query integrity rate, and make P/S system easier for the user to use. Comprehensive experiments prove the efficiency of the proposed approach with high facility

Effect of enhanced masticatory force on OPG, RANKL and MGF in alveolar bone of ovariectomized rats

Menopause induces oral bone loss, leading to various oral diseases. Mastication importantly affects bone metabolism in the jawbone. Objective: To analyze the effect of enhanced masticatory force on osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and mechano–growth factor (MGF) in alveolar bone of ovariectomized rats and to study the mechanics mechanism of the alveolar bone of ovariectomized rats response to enhanced masticatory force. Methodology: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham–operation group (fat around the removed ovary + normal hard diet), model group (ovariectomy + normal hard diet), and experimental group (ovariectomy + high hard diet). It was a 2–month experiment. Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected serum estradiol (E2), osteocalcin (BGP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rats. Bone histomorphometric indices in the third molar region of maxilla were detected by micro-CT; protein expressions of OPG, RANKL, and MGF in the third molar region of maxilla was detected by Western blot; and gene expression of OPG, RANKL, and MGF in the third molar region of maxilla was detected by Quantitative Real–Time PCR. Results: Comparing with model group, serum E2 in experimental group increased but not significantly, serum BGP and serum ALP in experimental group decreased but not significantly, OPG in experimental group in alveolar bone increased significantly, RANKL in experimental group in alveolar bone decreased significantly, RANKL/OPG ratio in experimental group decreased significantly, MGF in experimental group in alveolar bone increased significantly, bone volume to total volume fraction increased significantly in experimental group, trabecular thickness increased significantly in experimental group, and trabecular separation decreased significantly in experimental group. Conclusion: Enhanced masticatory force affected the expression of OPG, RANKL, and MGF in alveolar bone of ovariectomized rats, improved the quality of jaw bone of ovariectomized rats, and delayed oral bone loss by ovariectomy