lowdensityextracorporealshockwaveandlowdoseintermittentrecombinanthumanparathyroidhormone134influenceproliferationanddifferentiationofosteoblasts

背景：体外冲击波等应力刺激可促进成骨，甲状旁腺激素激素也参与调控骨代谢。目的：实验探讨低剂量间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34和低能体外冲击波对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖及成骨分化的作用。方法：采用改良胶原酶消化法培养大鼠乳鼠颅骨来源成骨细胞备用。分别用60-150次0.18 mJ/mm2低能体外冲击波刺激体外培养大鼠成骨细胞，不同浓度（10-12 mol/L-10-10 mol/L）及作用方式的人重组甲状旁腺素1-34刺激，以及低能体外冲击波和间歇低剂量（10-11 mol/L）间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34刺激共同作用后，用锥虫蓝法进行细胞计数、MTT和流式细胞术分析检测大鼠成骨细胞的增殖情况；用酶标仪检测碱性磷酸酶活性，用免疫组化检测Ⅰ型胶原表达来观察大鼠成骨细胞的成骨分化。结果与结论：60-150次0.18 mJ/mm 2低能体外冲击波刺激、间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34（10-11和10-10 mol/L）刺激以及低能体外冲击波＋间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34（10-11 mol/L）刺激均可显著促进体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖和成骨分化（P＜0.05），其中60-150次低能体外冲击波刺激＋间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34刺激各组作用最强（P＜0.05）。结果证实，适当的低能体外冲击波应力刺激和低剂量间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34刺激联合应用可显著促进体外培养大鼠成骨细胞的增殖和成骨分化

lowdensityextracorporealshockwaveandlowdoseintermittentrecombinanthumanparathyroidhormone134influenceproliferationanddifferentiationofosteoblasts

背景：体外冲击波等应力刺激可促进成骨，甲状旁腺激素激素也参与调控骨代谢。目的：实验探讨低剂量间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34和低能体外冲击波对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖及成骨分化的作用。方法：采用改良胶原酶消化法培养大鼠乳鼠颅骨来源成骨细胞备用。分别用60-150次0.18 mJ/mm2低能体外冲击波刺激体外培养大鼠成骨细胞，不同浓度（10-12 mol/L-10-10 mol/L）及作用方式的人重组甲状旁腺素1-34刺激，以及低能体外冲击波和间歇低剂量（10-11 mol/L）间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34刺激共同作用后，用锥虫蓝法进行细胞计数、MTT和流式细胞术分析检测大鼠成骨细胞的增殖情况；用酶标仪检测碱性磷酸酶活性，用免疫组化检测Ⅰ型胶原表达来观察大鼠成骨细胞的成骨分化。结果与结论：60-150次0.18 mJ/mm 2低能体外冲击波刺激、间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34（10-11和10-10 mol/L）刺激以及低能体外冲击波＋间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34（10-11 mol/L）刺激均可显著促进体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖和成骨分化（P＜0.05），其中60-150次低能体外冲击波刺激＋间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34刺激各组作用最强（P＜0.05）。结果证实，适当的低能体外冲击波应力刺激和低剂量间歇人重组甲状旁腺素1-34刺激联合应用可显著促进体外培养大鼠成骨细胞的增殖和成骨分化

LncRNA ZFAS1 protects chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation via regulating miR-7-5p/FLRT2 axis

Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) played vital roles in osteoarthritis (OA) progression. In this study, we aimed to reveal the protective roles of lncRNA ZFAS1 in osteoarthritis (OA) and further investigated its underlying mechanism. Methods The chondrocytes were stimulated by IL-1β to establish an in vitro OA model. Then, the expression of ZFAS1, miR-7-5p, and FLRT2 in chondrocytes was determined by qRT-PCR. Gain- and loss-of-function assays of ZFAS1, miR-7-5p and FLRT2 were conducted. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to detect cell viability and apoptosis rate. The expression levels of cartilage-related proteins, including MMP13, ADAMTS5, Collagen II, and Aggrecan, were measured by western blot analysis. The interaction between ZFAS1 and miR-7-5p, as well as miR-7-5p and FLRT2, was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Results The expression of ZFAS1 and FLRT2 was down-regulated, while the expression of miR-7-5p was up-regulated in chondrocytes exposed to IL-1β. ZFAS1 overexpression promoted cell viability and suppressed apoptosis in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Besides, ZFAS1 overexpression suppressed the expression of MMP13 and ADAMTS5, but promoted the expression of Collagen II and Aggrecan to suppress ECM degradation. The mechanistic study showed that ZFAS1 sponged miR-7-5p to regulate FLRT2 expression. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-7-5p could neutralize the effect of ZFAS1 in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, and suppression of FLRT2 counteracted the miR-7-5p down-regulation role in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Conclusions ZFAS1 could promote cell viability of IL-1β-treated chondrocytes via regulating miR-7-5p/FLRT2 axis. Trial registration Not applicable

Metal Emulsion-Based Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Sn-Based Microsphere Phase Change Materials

A comparative study of the metal emulsion-based synthesis of Sn-based materials in two different types of molten salts (namely LiCl–KCl–CsCl and LiNO3-NaNO3-KNO3 eutectics) is presented, and the properties of Sn, Sn-Cu and Sn-Cu-Zn microsphere phase change materials prepared in chloride salts are evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to understand the effect of element doping. Despite a high ultrasonic power (e.g., 600 W or above) being required for dispersing liquid Sn in the chloride system, well-shaped Sn microspheres with a relatively narrow size range, e.g., about 1 to 15 µm or several micrometers to around 30 µm, can be prepared by adjusting the ultrasonic power (840–1080 W), sonication time (5–10 min) and the volume ratio of salts to metal (25:1–200:1). Such a method can be extended to the synthesis of Sn-based alloy microspheres, e.g., Sn-Cu and Sn-Cu-Zn microspheres. In the nitrate system, however, a very low ultrasonic power (e.g., 12 W) can be used to disperse liquid Sn, and the particles obtained are much smaller. At low ultrasonic power (e.g., 12 W), the particle size is generally less than 10 or 4 µm when the sonication time reaches 2 or 5 min, and at high ultrasonic power, it is typically in the range of hundreds of nanometers to 2 µm, regardless of the change in ultrasonic power (480–1080 W), irradiation time (5–10 min), or volume ratio of salts to metal (25:1–1000:1). In addition, the appearance of a SnO phase in the products prepared under different conditions hints at the occurrence of a reaction between Sn droplets and O2 in situ generated by the ultrasound-induced decomposition of nitrates, and such an interfacial reaction is believed to be responsible for these differences observed in two different molten salt systems. A DSC study of Sn, Sn-Cu, and Sn-Cu-Zn microspheres encapsulated in SiO2 reveals that Cu (0.3–0.9 wt.%) or Cu-Zn (0.9 wt.% Cu and 0.6% Zn) doping can raise the onset freezing temperature and thus suppress the undercooling of Sn, but a broad freezing peak observed in these doped microspheres, along with a still much higher undercooling compared to those of reported Sn-Cu or Sn-Cu-Zn solders, suggests the existence of a size effect, and that a low temperature is still needed for totally releasing latent heat. Since the chloride salts can be recycled by means of the evaporation of water and are stable at high temperature, our results indicate that the LiCl–KCl–CsCl salt-based metal emulsion method might also serve as an environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of other metals and their alloy microspheres

Additional file 3 of LncRNA ZFAS1 protects chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation via regulating miR-7-5p/FLRT2 axis

Additional file 3: Table S2. The list of the down-regulated genes in GSE11060

Additional file 1 of LncRNA ZFAS1 protects chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation via regulating miR-7-5p/FLRT2 axis

Additional file 1: Table S1. The sequences of oligonucleotides and primer

Additional file 2 of LncRNA ZFAS1 protects chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation via regulating miR-7-5p/FLRT2 axis

Additional file 2: Figure S1. lncRNAs expression changes in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. A–D The expression levels of four lncRNAs were determined by qRT-PCR analysis. The chondrocytes were treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 24 h. **P < 0.01, compared with the control grou