Distribution amplitudes of radially-excited pi- and K-mesons

A symmetry-preserving truncation of the two-body bound-state problem in relativistic quantum field theory is used to compute the leading-twist parton distribution amplitudes (PDAs) for the first radial excitations of the $\pi$- and $K$-mesons. In common with ground states in these channels, the PDAs are found to be dilated with respect to the relevant conformal-limit form and skewed toward the heavier valence-quark in asymmetric systems. In addition, the PDAs of radially-excited pseudoscalar mesons are not positive definite, owing to the fact that dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) forces the leptonic decay constant of such states to vanish in the chiral limit. These results highlight that DCSB is expressed visibly in every pseudoscalar meson constituted from light-quarks. Hence, so long as its impact is empirically evident in the pseudoscalar members of a given spectrum level, it is unlikely that chiral symmetry is restored in any of the hadrons that populate this level.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Ion-exchangeable semiconductor materials for visible light-induced photocatalysis

The use of semiconductor materials for solar fuel production and environmental remediation has attracted increasing attention in the past decades due to their potential to address important energy and environmental problems. Ion-exchangeable semiconductor materials represent one family of promising materials due to their unique crystal structures and structure-related photocatalytic activity. However, most of the ion-exchangeable semiconductor materials can only absorb UV light due to their wide band-gap. To efficiently utilize solar energy, it is indispensable to develop visible light-responsive semiconductor materials which can efficiently absorb solar electromagnetic radiation reaching the Earth's surface. In this review article, we summarize the recent advances on ion-exchangeable semiconductor materials as visible light-responsive photocatalysts with particular focus on the band-gap engineering strategies and their photocatalytic applications

Exploring Supermassive Compact Dark Matter with the Millilensing Effect of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Gravitational lensing effect is one of most significant observational probes to investigate compact dark matter/objects over a wide mass range. In this work, we first propose to derive the population information and the abundance of supermassive compact dark matter in the mass range $\sim10^5-10^7~M_{\odot}$ from 6 millilensed gamma-ray burst (GRB) candidates in 3000 Fermi GRB events using the hierarchical Bayesian inference method. We obtain that, for the mass range $\sim10^5-10^7~M_{\odot}$, the abundance of supermassive compact dark matter is $f_{\rm CO}=10^{-1.60}$ in the log-normal mass distribution scenario. This result is in obvious tension with some other observational constraints, e.g. ultra-faint dwarfs and dynamical friction. However, it also was argued that there is only one system in these 6 candidates has been identified as lensed GRB event with fairly high confidence. In this case, the tension would be significantly alleviated. Therefore, it would be an interesting clue for both the millilensed GRB identification and the formation mechanism of supermassive compact dark matter.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted by PRD Lette

An Updated Search of Steady TeV γ−\gamma-Ray Point Sources in Northern Hemisphere Using the Tibet Air Shower Array

Using the data taken from Tibet II High Density (HD) Array (1997 February-1999 September) and Tibet-III array (1999 November-2005 November), our previous northern sky survey for TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources has now been updated by a factor of 2.8 improved statistics. From $0.0^{\circ}$ to $60.0^{\circ}$ in declination (Dec) range, no new TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources with sufficiently high significance were identified while the well-known Crab Nebula and Mrk421 remain to be the brightest TeV $\gamma-$ray sources within the field of view of the Tibet air shower array. Based on the currently available data and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), the flux upper limits for different power law index assumption are re-derived, which are approximately improved by 1.7 times as compared with our previous reported limits.Comment: This paper has been accepted by hepn