Interpretation of Sophia the Wisdom of God in Russian Philosophical Sophiology

The article opens a number of studies devoted to the theme of Sophia the Wisdom of God in the history of Russian Christian fine art and sacred architecture. The Cathedral of Veliky Novgorod, built in the 11th century, is one of the oldest religious buildings dedicated to St. Sophia. The question about the name of the Novgorod cathedral a few centuries after its construction caused a theological discussion, and in the 19th and 20th centuries brought to life religious and philosophical Russian trend – the tradition of Sophiology. The icon of Sophia the Wisdom, which occupies a completely unique place in the history of Russian iconography, has not yet received a generally accepted interpretation. Various philosophical theories aimed at explaining the content of this icon, as well as at reconstructing the meaning of the very name of Sophia the Wisdom, are explored in this article. For Vladimir Solovyov, Sophia is the personification of the unity of cosmos, a character in his mystical poetry and a mythological “Soul of the World” within the framework of his philosophy of unity. The priest Pavel Florensky describes Sophia as the divine nature of all living beings, the “ideal personality of the world”, often merging with the Mother of God in minds of people. Sergei Bulgakov connects Sophia with the divine essence of the Trinity, and with the highest principle of the world order, and with the angel. All these philosophers try to arbitrarily interpret the plot of the icon of St. Sophia and the name of Russian churches in honor of St. Sophia to substantiate their religious and philosophical concepts, which are far from Christian orthodoxy.Статья открывает серию исследований, посвящённых теме Софии – Премудрости Божией в истории русского христианского изобразительного искусства и сакральной архитектуры. Кафедральный собор Великого Новгорода, построенный в 11 веке, является одним из древнейших религиозных сооружений, посвящённых Святой Софии. Вопрос о наименовании новгородского собора через несколько веков после его постройки послужил причиной теологической дискуссии, а в 19–20 веках вызвал к жизни целое религиозно-философское направление, характерное именно для России, – традицию софиологии. Икона Софии-Премудрости, которая занимает совершенно уникальное место в истории русской иконографии, до сих пор не получила общепринятой интерпретации. Различные философские теории, направленные на объяснение содержания этой иконы, а также на реконструкцию смысла самого имени Софии-Премудрости, исследованы в этой статье. Для Владимира Соловьёва София есть олицетворение единства космоса, персонаж его мистической поэзии и мифологическая «Душа мира» в рамках его философии всеединства. У священника Павла Флоренского София описана как божественная природа всех живых существ, «идеальная личность мира», в сознании народа зачастую сливающаяся с Богородицей. Сергий Булгаков связывает Софию то с божественной сущностью Троицы, то с высшим принципом мирового порядка, то с отдельным ангелом. Все названные философы пытаются произвольно интерпретировать сюжет иконы Святой Софии и наименование русских храмов в честь Святой Софии для аргументации своих религиозно-философских концепций, далёких от христианской ортодоксии

A special family of Galton-Watson processes with explosions

The linear-fractional Galton-Watson processes is a well known case when many characteristics of a branching process can be computed explicitly. In this paper we extend the two-parameter linear-fractional family to a much richer four-parameter family of reproduction laws. The corresponding Galton-Watson processes also allow for explicit calculations, now with possibility for infinite mean, or even infinite number of offspring. We study the properties of this special family of branching processes, and show, in particular, that in some explosive cases the time to explosion can be approximated by the Gumbel distribution

Evacuation of SR power from the CLIC damping ring

Absorption of synchrotron radiation (SR) power generated by wigglers of damping rings is a difficult technical task. The CLIC damping ring operates with electron (or positron) beams with energy 2.424 GeV, average beam current is up to 150 mA. The 38 wigglers installed in one straight section of the CLIC damping ring produce radiation with a total power of about 122 kW. Power density at the end of the straight sections is about 75 W per square mm. Such a power density can destroy vacuum chambers, therefore a careful design and placement of appropriate radiation collimators and absorbers is required. In this paper we describe an algorithm to compute SR power density as well as options for safe absorption of SR power. All the calculations were performed for the current design of the CLIC damping ring and wigglers. Some related problems for absorption of high SR power are described

METHODS OF DETERMINING THE SIZE OF NATURAL RESOURCE RENTS AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT

The article discusses the methodology for determining the size of the natural (mountain) rents, developed and proposed for use in the Russian economy. Analyzes the shortcomings of techniques that are based on «extremely profitable concept of» natural rent (these techniques are based on a comparison of economic indicators, rather than the specific nature of production conditions, and may not be used in economic calculations). When determining the amount of mining rent its calculations should be based on the specific environmental conditions of mining, or indicators reflecting their (standard costs applied production technology)

METHODS OF DETERMINING THE SIZE OF NATURAL RESOURCE RENTS AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT

The article discusses the methodology for determining the size of the natural (mountain) rents, developed and proposed for use in the Russian economy. Analyzes the shortcomings of techniques that are based on «extremely profitable concept of» natural rent (these techniques are based on a comparison of economic indicators, rather than the specific nature of production conditions, and may not be used in economic calculations). When determining the amount of mining rent its calculations should be based on the specific environmental conditions of mining, or indicators reflecting their (standard costs applied production technology)

Beam propagation in a Randomly Inhomogeneous Medium

An integro-differential equation describing the angular distribution of beams is analyzed for a medium with random inhomogeneities. Beams are trapped because inhomogeneities give rise to wave localization at random locations and random times. The expressions obtained for the mean square deviation from the initial direction of beam propagation generalize the "3/2 law".Comment: 4 page

An improvement of the Berry--Esseen inequality with applications to Poisson and mixed Poisson random sums

By a modification of the method that was applied in (Korolev and Shevtsova, 2009), here the inequalities $$\rho(F_n,\Phi)\le\frac{0.335789(\beta^3+0.425)}{\sqrt{n}}$$ and $$\rho(F_n,\Phi)\le \frac{0.3051(\beta^3+1)}{\sqrt{n}}$$ are proved for the uniform distance $\rho(F_n,\Phi)$ between the standard normal distribution function $\Phi$ and the distribution function $F_n$ of the normalized sum of an arbitrary number $n\ge1$ of independent identically distributed random variables with zero mean, unit variance and finite third absolute moment $\beta^3$. The first of these inequalities sharpens the best known version of the classical Berry--Esseen inequality since $0.335789(\beta^3+0.425)\le0.335789(1+0.425)\beta^3<0.4785\beta^3$ by virtue of the condition $\beta^3\ge1$, and 0.4785 is the best known upper estimate of the absolute constant in the classical Berry--Esseen inequality. The second inequality is applied to lowering the upper estimate of the absolute constant in the analog of the Berry--Esseen inequality for Poisson random sums to 0.3051 which is strictly less than the least possible value of the absolute constant in the classical Berry--Esseen inequality. As a corollary, the estimates of the rate of convergence in limit theorems for compound mixed Poisson distributions are refined.Comment: 33 page

Enhancing the Approach to Forecasting the Dynamics of Socio-Economic Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study reveals the approach to scaling socio-economic indicators to ensure economic security through regional budget expenditures to the GRP ratio example. Indicator choice is conditioned by the necessity to determine the degree of the federal center's rational influence on the regional strategic goals of sustainable development. The study aims to develop and test the system for assessing the dynamics of Russian socio-economic development based on the authors' interpretation of the scaling factor values. The main research method is scaling, which provides additional perspectives reflected by preserving proportions when changing the target parameters. The new method's effectiveness is confirmed by calculating the scaling factor. Its value interpretation gives a tool for assessing the effectiveness of the strategy development system and its economic security. The study's relevance is due to adaptation to global transformations based on the management system's capability to act under various crisis scenarios and make anti-crisis decisions important for the Russian economy. The findings improve the basis for implementing a sustainable strategic planning system and strengthening national security in the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings make it possible to predict the further evolution of the relationships between indicator groups in order to increase the role of per capita budgetary expenditures in GRP. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-08 Full Text: PD

Итерационная томография труб в процессе эксплуатации

The pipe wall thickness was estimated based on three-dimensional images of the pipe recovered from several X-ray projections, which were made in a limited angle of view. Since the effects of scattered radiation and beam hardening are up to 50 % of the main radiation, ignoring them leads to blur of the image and inaccuracy in determining dimensions. To restore pipe images from projections, a volume and/or shell representation of the pipe is used, as well as iterative Bayesian methods. Using these methods, the error in estimating the pipe wall thickness from the projection data can be equal to or less than 300 μm. It has been shown that standard X-ray projections on the film or imaging plates used to obtain data can be used to restore pipe wall thickness profiles in factory conditions.Проведена оценка толщины стенки трубы, исходя из трехмерных изображений трубы, восстановленных из нескольких рентгеновских проекций, которые были выполнены в ограниченном угле обзора. Поскольку эффекты рассеянного излучения и ужесточения лучей составляют до 50 % от основного излучения, их игнорирование приводит к размытию изображения и неточности при определении размеров. Для восстановления изображений труб из проекций применяются объемное и/или оболочечное представление трубы, а также итеративные байесовские методы. При использовании этих методов ошибка оценки толщины стенки трубы из проекционных данных может быть равной или меньше 300 мкм. Показано, что полученные рентгеновским излучением стандартные проекции на пленке или визуализирующих пластинах, применяемых для получения данных, могут использоваться для восстановления профилей толщин стенок труб в заводских условиях