Feeding of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel on humoral immune response of broiler chickens

Purpose An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efect of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel (DCSP) on humoral immune response of broiler chickens. Methods Four hundred 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized design into fve treatments with four replicates of 20 chicks each. The following fve dietary treatments were applied: control group with 0% DCSP; diet containing 1.5% DCSP from 1 to 21 days of age (starter phase) and from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively; and diet containing 3% DCSP from 1 to 21 days of age (starter phase) and from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively. Results The DCSP treatments infuenced positively total anti-SRBC and IgG titers on days 28 and 42, whereas no diferences were found for IgM titer. The anti-NDV titers were not afected by diets; conversely, the anti-AIV titers were diferent among treatments. The anti-IBD titers were diferent on days 14 and 42 among diets, whereas anti-IBV titers were not infuenced by treatments. Average white blood cell, heterophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, as well as heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, were diferent among treatments. Conclusion The fndings suggested that the dietary inclusion of dried Citrus sinensis promoted some efects on the immune humoral response of chickens; however, these efects were not completely efective to protect birds from the main diseases

Effect of DriedCitrus SinensisPeel on Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Immune System Traits of Broiler Chickens

Two hundred broiler chickens (Ross-308) were used in a completely randomised study to evaluate the effects of supplementing the feed with different levels of dried Citrus sinensis peel (DCSP) on the gasrointestinal microbial population and immune system traits. Feed was supplemented with different DCSP amounts: 0.25% w/w (DCSP-0.25), 0.5% w/w (DCSP-0.50), 0.75% w/w (DCSP-0.75), and 1% w/w (DCSP-1). Control diet (DCSP-0), with no feed additition was used as reference. The study involved five treatments in a time frame of six weeks (four replicates per treatment and each replicate had 10 chickens). Data analysis was performed using SAS software and mean comparison was performed using the Duncan test. The results allowed to observe that the mean of Escherichia coli in caecum on day 42 was significantly different (P0.05). The mean of total sheep red blood cells and immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) on day 28 (P>0.05) were also determined. Total sheep red blood cells on day 42 were significantly different (P0.05). Supplementing the feed with Citrus sinensis had no significant effect on Newcastle disease on day 42 (P>0.05). The mean value for hemagglutination inhibition on day 42 was significantly different (P<0.05). It can be then concluded that DCSP feed supplemention ameliorated the gastrointestinal microbiota and immune system traits