Prevalence and Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Their Relationships with Dermatological Diseases

Most obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients meet psychiatrists 5 to 10 years after onset of OCD .Its relatively high prevalence ratio and the delay in seeking help suggest that patients with OCD may seek help at non-psychiatric clinics. The present study was undertaken to provide some epidemiological data on the prevalence and severity of OCD in dermatological patients. The participants included 265 consecutive patients with primary dermatologic chief complaint. They were visited by a dermatologist and diagnosis of dermatological lesion was done according to ICD-10. All patients were visited by a psychiatry resident and were screened for OCD using the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I). If the diagnosis of OCD has been made, the Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale(Y-BOCS) was used to evaluate the severity of OCD. To analyze the data student t-test for quantitative variables and X2 tests for categorical variables. From the total of 265 patients, 24 (9.1%) met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for OCD and 9 (37.5%) with OCD had previously been diagnosed with OCD, however, only three were treated pharmacologically. The most symptoms were pathological doubt (29.1%), fear of contamination (29.1%) and washing (54.16%).  Severity of OCD according to Y-BOCS was evaluated among patients with OCD. Six (25%) were found with subclinical OCD, 11(45.8%) had mild OCD, six (25%) had moderate OCD, and one (4.2%) was detected with severe OCD. prevalence of OCD in dermatology clinic was higher compared with general population

The study of 101 cases of onychomycosis and associate factors in patients referred to Boali Sina Hospital and Toba dermatology outpatient clinics in Sari

(Received 20 May, 2009 ; Accepted 10 August, 2009)AbstractBackground and purpose: Onychomycosis is a nail fungal infection caused by various species of dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophytic molds and represents about 30% of cutaneous mycotic infections. The goal of this study was to investigate the frequency of onychomycosis and its associated factors in patients referred to Boali Sina Hospital and Toba dermatology outpatient clinics, Sari.Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, nail specimens were collected from 101 patients suspected of onychomycosis during a 14 month period. Nail specimens were examined by direct microscopy, using potassium hydroxide (KOH) 20%, KOH + CFW, KONCPA (KOH treated nail clipping+PAS) and also culturing on sabouraud’s dextrose agar, containing chloramphenicol (SC), and sabouraud’s dextrose agar containing cyclohexamide and chloramphenicol (SCC) mediums.Results: In this study, 79 (78%) of patients were female and 22 (22%) were male. Yeasts were isolated in 30% cases of onychomycosis, mainly from fingernails. Candida albicans, and C.krusei was the most prevalent species. Non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi were yielded at 24%, especially from toenails, with Aspergillus terreus being the most prevalent species. Dermatophytes were found in 7% of the samples, especially from toenails. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the predominant species. Unknown filamentous fungi were identified in 19% of samples, while mixed infections were identified in 20% of samples. The highest prevalence rate of onychomycosis was identified in the patients within the 30 to 49 years of age group. Distal and lateral subfungual onychomycosis (DLSO) was the most prevalent clinical types with (88%), followed by WSO (5%), PSO (5%), TDO (1%) and DLSO + PSO (1%).Conclusion: The results of our study showed that onychomycosis is one of the most prevalent infections in patients who are suffering from nail disorders. Yeast and yeast like organisms cause these infections more than other fungus in this region. Women are more infected, as they are in daily contact with detergents and moisturJ Mazand Univ Med Sci 2009; 19(71): 33-43 (Persian

Lesson from nature:Zataria multiflora nanostructured lipid carrier topical gel formulation against Candida-associated onychomycosis, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

Purpose: The increasing resistance to onychomycosis treatment globally is a major concern as it results in treatment failures. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of incorporating nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) in a gel formulation for treating mild to moderate Candida-associated onychomycosis using Zataria multiflora (Zt) essential oils. Methods: The characteristics of Zataria multiflora-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Zt-NLCs) were validated using a carbopol gel (1 % w/w). In vitro tests were conducted using CLSI M60 standards to evaluate the susceptibility of ten commonly encountered dermatophyte species to antifungal agents. A clinical study was conducted involving 40 volunteers randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving the Zt-NLCs gel and the other receiving a placebo, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. The objective was to assess clinical manifestations and mycological findings after topical application for 2 and 4 weeks. The causative agents' species were identified using a PCR-RFLP method. Results: The preparation of Zt-NLCs gel resulted in a uniform suspension of spherical nanoparticles with favourable characteristics and no cytotoxic effects. Zt-NLCs demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on fungal growth and effectively improved clinical and mycological criteria in comparison to the placebo group (p &lt; 0.005), even after 2 weeks of treatment. The C. albicans complex was recognized as the predominant species isolated from the patients using PCR-RFLP. Conclusion: The administration of Zt-NLCs gel for two weeks showed significant efficacy in disease management, as reported by both dermatologists and mycologists and therefore shows its potential use as a treatment against Candidal onychomycosis.</p