Sozialstaatliche Kürzungspolitik in Deutschland: Nur eine Mär? Eine quantitative Gesetzgebungsanalyse 1974–2014

Quantitative analyses on welfare state dynamics have to cope with the “dependent variable problem”, as studies on social spending reach different conclusions than analyses of replacement rate data. This article suggests a way around this problem by presenting results from a fine-grained analysis of welfare state legislation in Germany between 1974 and 2014. We show that the German welfare state has seen both cuts and expansions occur in all decades. Moreover, we show by means of a regression analysis that partisan politics play a role. Supporting the “Nixon-in-China”-thesis, social democratic governments are associated with a higher probability of cutbacks – especially in times of budgetary pressure – whereas expansions are more likely under Christian democratic governments

Оценка эффективности рециркуляционной технологии использования метанола при подготовке газа методом низкотемпературной сепарации

Объектом исследования является технология подготовки газа на Мыльджинском газоконденсатном месторождении. Цель данной работы – повышение эффективности использования метанола при подготовке газа методом низкотемпературной сепарации. С помощью моделирования в среде программы UniSim Design проведено исследование вариантов реализации рециркуляционной технологии использования метанола на УКПГ Мыльджинского месторождения. В результате исследования выявлено, что предлагаемый вариант рециркуляционной технологии позволяет сократить расход метанола на 110–140 кг/ч (40–45 %) за счет уменьшения уноса метанола с нестабильным конденсатом. Добавленная в технологическую схему установка ректификации метанола позволяет вернуть в технологический процесс еще 85–120 кг/ч метанола.The object of the study is the gas preparation technology at the Myldzhinskoye gas condensate field. The goal of this work is to increase the efficiency of methanol use in gas preparation by the low-temperature separation method. Using simulation in the UniSim Design program environment, a study was carried out on options for the implementation of the recirculation technology for the use of methanol at the gas treatment unit at the Myldzhinskoye field. As a result of the study, it was found that the proposed version of the recirculation technology reduces methanol consumption by 110–140 kg / h (40–45%) by reducing the entrainment of methanol with unstable condensate. The methanol rectification unit allows to return another 85–120 kg / h of methanol to the process

Governance im Politikfeld Wirtschaftspolitik

This paper gives an overview of the topic "economic governance". This term is used in economics and neighboring social sciences as a generic term under which usually all activities are subsumed that are conducted by economic policymakers to 'steer' or 'control' the economic system, individual markets therein or certain economic actors (e.g., businesses, consumers). In addition to a more detailed clarification of the concept of "economic governance" and the presentation of actors and instruments of economic governance, the paper discusses why and in what situations economic governance is necessary. The latter issue is the subject of a continuing debate in politics, the public and the social sciences

CXCR3-mediated mTORC1 activation plays a crucial role in inflammatory cell recruitment during vascular remodeling

Atherosclerosis, restenosis and post-transplant graft atherosclerosis are characterized by intimal hyperplasia as a result of endothelial damage, infiltration of leukocytes, recruitment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and accumulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The CXCR3 chemokine IP10 has been implicated in vascular repair; however, the molecular mechanisms affected hereby remain elusive. Using a mouse model of arterial injury we showed that the IP10-CXCR3-axis is critical for injury-induced early inflammation and governed by activation of mTORC1. Wire-mediated vascular injury induced not only recruitment of CXCR3+ T cells, but also CXCR3+ endothelial cells (ECs) and CXCR3+ positive HSPCs to the intimal, medial and adventitial compartment of the vessel. Moreover, stimulation of T cells with the CXCR3 chemokine IP10 was followed by an activation of the mTORC1 pathway, shown by increased phosphorylation of its downstream target p70 S6 kinase. Inhibition of the CXCR3 axis by mTORC1 inhibitor sirolimus diminished phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase in vitro and in vivo , decreased recruitment of CXCR3+ cells 14d after vascular injury and resulted in reduced neointima formation. These findings establish the CXCR3-mediated mTORC1 activation as a major player in early recruitment of inflammatory T cells, ECs and HSPCs during vascular remodeling, a process which is essential for vascular repair