Love, desire, and problematic behaviors : exploring young adults’ smartphone use from a uses and gratifications perspective

In light of the pervasive adoption of smartphones, scholars have explored the consequences of problematic (i.e., excessive and uncontrolled) use of this technology. Studies have often shown that individuals who spend much time using smartphones experience symptoms similar to those of substance addiction. However, considering the number of hours employed on smartphones as a criterion for measuring problematic use does not account for what people do with their smartphones and why. This study aims to understand what gratifications are related to smartphone usage time and problematic use. Secondly, it aims to understand whether different usage profiles are identifiable from those gratifications and how they differ in terms of problematic use, time-of-use, and socio-demographic characteristics. The data from 528 Italian university students had been collected through a cross-sectional design. Through regression analyses, we found that smartphone gratifications differentially predict the amount of time spent using the smartphone and the level of problematic use that students exhibited. Using the K-means clustering technique, we identified five usage profiles that differed in the amount of time spent using smartphones and, to a greater extent, in their problematic use levels

Theoretical and methodological approaches to activism during the COVID-19 pandemic — between continuity and change

In order to understand the way in which scholars approach the study of activism at a time of crisis, a scoping review was conducted to identify the extant empirical work on activism during the COVID-19 crisis. Our search resulted in 23 published papers across disciplines. Results showed elements of continuity and change in scholars' theoretical and empirical approaches to new and old forms of activism emerging at this time of crisis. In general, we found that COVID-19 led to the employment of novel and adaptive approaches from both the activists and the researchers, who tactically modified their strategies in light of the new demands. We conclude by suggesting that incorporating an analysis of the tools of protest, combined with an analysis of the adaptive strategies adopted by communities at a time of crisis might further our understanding of the ontology—as well as the epistemology—of social movements. Moreover, the study highlighted existing tensions between academia and other social stakeholders, which deserve further exploration

Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data

This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability-for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples

Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data

This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability—for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples

A multi-site collaborative study of the hostile priming effect

Data Accessibility Statement: See Table 1.Supplementary data: Peer Review History - docx file - available online at: https://online.ucpress.edu/collabra/article/7/1/18738/116070/A-Multi-Site-Collaborative-Study-of-the-Hostile#supplementary-data .In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer’s methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p = .16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p = .58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979).We have no funding to declare for this project

Why do youngsters drink? Italian version of the DMQ-R (Cooper, 1994), questionnaire for the assessment of drinking motives

The Italian adaptation of the four-factor measure of drinking motives (DMQ-R) proposed by Cooper (1994), based on a conceptual model by Cox & Klinger (1988) is presented. Based on data from two Italian samples of adolescents (N = 282) and young university students (N = 238), and on the technique of confirmatory factor analysis, substantial support to the four-factor model is provided. Further analyses, by relating the motivations underlying drinking with specific aspects of drinking (frequency of use and abuse of alcohol, social or private drinking), show the utility of the scale and provide support to the underlying theoretical model

The Transmission of Racial Attitudes Within the Family

Previous literature based on self-report measures has not found a clear relationship between the ethnic attitudes of White parents and those of their children. In particular, no study has evidenced such a relationship in the case of preschool children. In the present study, the authors measured parents\u2019 implicit and explicit racial attitudes as well as the racial attitudes of their 3- to 6-year-old children. They found that parents\u2019 explicit attitudes were not related to children\u2019s responses. In contrast, mothers\u2019 implicit attitudes (but not fathers\u2019 implicit attitudes) were significant predictors of children\u2019s attitudes. Results demonstrate that early racial attitudes might develop within the family