Characteristics of rust resistance (RR), preharvest sprouting (PHS) and alpha-amylase activity in rye grain (AMY).

<p>Characteristics of rust resistance (RR), preharvest sprouting (PHS) and alpha-amylase activity in rye grain (AMY).</p

ANOVA results for traits.

<p>ANOVA results for traits.</p

Characteristics of QTL detected in 2013.

<p>Characteristics of QTL detected in 2013.</p

QTL mapping for benzoxazinoid content, preharvest sprouting, α-amylase activity, and leaf rust resistance in rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.)

<div><p>Mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) representing 541 × Ot1-3 cross exhibited wide variations of benzoxazinoid (BX) content in leaves and roots, brown rust resistance, α-amylase activity in the grain, and resistance to preharvest sprouting. QTL mapping of major BX species using a DArT-based map revealed a complex genetic architecture underlying the production of these main secondary metabolites engaged in stress and allelopathy responses. The synthesis of BX in leaves and roots was found to be regulated by different QTL. The QTL for the BX content, rust resistance, α-amylase activity, and preharvest sprouting partially overlapped; this points to their common genetic regulation by a definite subset of genes. Only one QTL for BX located on chromosome 7R coincided with the loci of the <i>ScBx</i> genes, which were mapped as two clusters on chromosomes 5RS (<i>Bx3-Bx5</i>) and 7R (<i>Bx1-Bx2</i>). The QTL common for several BX species, rust resistance, preharvest sprouting, and α-amylase activity are interesting objects for further exploration aimed at developing common markers for these important agronomic traits.</p></div

Characteristics of QTL detected in 2014.

<p>Characteristics of QTL detected in 2014.</p

Characteristics of BX contents (μg/g d.w.) in leaves (L) and roots (R).

<p>Characteristics of BX contents (μg/g d.w.) in leaves (L) and roots (R).</p

Localization <i>ScBx1 –ScBx5</i> genes and QTL of BX, RR, PHS and AMY on the 541×Ot1-3 genetic map.

<p>Localization <i>ScBx1 –ScBx5</i> genes and QTL of BX, RR, PHS and AMY on the 541×Ot1-3 genetic map.</p

Distribution of variation of BX, RR, PHS and AMY within the 541×Ot1-3 mapping population of RILs after log₁₀(x+1) conversion.

<p>Distribution of variation of BX, RR, PHS and AMY within the 541×Ot1-3 mapping population of RILs after log₁₀(x+1) conversion.</p