Impacts of Climate Change on the Power Industry and How It is Adapting

The Electrical Power and Energy Industry (the Power Industry) is facing great challenges with the transition to renewable energy options and sustainability (the Green Revolution) and the growing incidence of intelligent grid technology developments to encourage Customer-side responses (Smart Grid). At the same time, there is the definite need to meet continued demand growth (albeit slower) on top of the need for refurbishment and replacement of ageing assets and human resources (the looming Skills Gap) while coping with Climate Change and maintaining reliable and price competitive energy services in a safe and healthy environment and economy

Comparison between the Conventional Methods and PSO Based MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic Systems

Since the output characteristics of Photovoltaic (PV) system depends on the ambient temperature, solar radiation and load impedance, its maximum Power Point (MPP) is not constant. Under each condition PV module has a point at which it can produce its MPP. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method is needed to uphold the PV panel operating at its MPP. This paper presents comparative study between the conventional MPPT methods used in (PV) system: Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (IncCond), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for (MPPT) of (PV) system. To evaluate the study, the proposed PSO MPPT is implemented on a DC-DC converter and has been compared with P&O and INcond methods in terms of their tracking speed, accuracy and performance by using the Matlab tool Simulink. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm is simple, and is superior to the P&O and IncCond methods

Some issues related to power generation using wind energy conversion systems: An overview

Design and successful operation of wind energy conversion systems (WECs) is a very complex task and requires the skills of many interdisciplinary skills, e.g., civil, mechanical, electrical and electronics, geography, aerospace, environmental etc. Performance of WECs depends upon subsystems like wind turbine (aerodynamic), gears (mechanical), generator (electrical); whereas the availability of wind resources are governed by the climatic conditions of the region concerned for which wind survey is extremely important to exploit wind energy. This paper presents a number of issues related to the power generation from WECs e.g. factors affecting wind power, their classification, choice of generators, main design considerations in wind turbine design, problems related with grid connections, wind-diesel autonomous hybrid power systems, reactive power control of wind system, environmental aspects of power generation, economics of wind power generation, and latest trend of wind power generation from off shore sites

Optimal C-type Filter for Harmonics Mitigation and Resonance Damping in Industrial Distribution Systems

Single-tuned passive filters offer reasonable mitigation for harmonic distortion at a specific harmonic frequency with a high filtering percentage, but resonance hazards exist. Traditional damped filters offer high-pass filtering for the high-frequency range, but suffer from extra ohmic losses. C-type filters may operate in a manner similar to the tuned filters with low damping losses and marginal resonance damping capabilities. Also, they can be designed as damped filters with increased resonance damping capability. In this paper, a methodology that facilitates sizing for the C-type damped filter parameters for harmonics mitigation and resonance damping in balanced distribution system networks, is presented and discussed using the impedance-frequency index. This index evaluates the resonance damping capability provided by the damped filters analytically rather than the conventional graphical method of impedance-frequency scanning. It shows how to size shunt passive filters, while making a full use of their damping capabilities. It can disclose the parallel resonance frequencies of the equivalent system-filter impedance. A comparative study of the new approach and a conventional filter design approach, which aims to minimize total harmonic current distortion, is presented. Numerous simulation results are provided to clarify the proposed methodology, advantages, and disadvantages

Assessment of energy credits for the enhancement of the Egyptian Green Pyramid Rating System

Energy is one of the most important categories in the Green Building Rating Systems all over the world. Green Building is a building that meets the energy requirements of the present with low energy consumption and investment costs without infringing on the rights of forthcoming generations to find their own needs. Despite having more than a qualified rating system, it is clear that each system has different priorities and needs on the other. Accordingly, this paper proposes a methodology using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for assessment of the energy credits through studying and comparing four of the common global rating systems, the British Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), the American Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), the Australian Green Stars (GS), and the PEARL assessment system of the United Arab Emirates, in order to contribute to the enhancement of the Egyptian Green Pyramid Rating System (GPRS). The results show the mandatory and optional energy credits that should be considered with their proposed weights according to the present and future needs of green Egypt. The results are compared to data gathered through desk studies and results extracted from recent questionnaires

Energy management considering multiple power markets and microgrid storage

The operational cost of a microgrid is significantly influenced by the response of storage systems and the complexities of the power market’s tariff structures. This paper addresses the challenges arising from the coexistence of new market entries and traditional tariffs, which contribute to a complex market environment. To tackle this issue, the paper establishes a microgrid market environment encompassing four types of tariffs. By modeling the response of electric storage and cold storage in a microgrid, the study formulates a non-linear mixed-integer optimization problem. Numerical studies are then conducted to verify the model and analyze market performance. The results reveal a trade-off in behavior among different market entries when optimizing the total cost of microgrid operation. These findings shed light on the complexities and trade-offs involved in microgrid operational cost optimization within a diverse market environment, offering valuable insights for market participants

Analyses of optimum generation scenarios for sustainable power generation in Ghana

This study examines optimum generation scenarios for Ghana from 2010 to 2040. The Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS), an optimisation model for long term energy planning, which is integrated in Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) tool, was applied to model the generation system. The developed model was applied to the case study of the reference scenario (OPT) which examines the least cost development of the system without any shift in policy. Three groups of policy scenario were developed based on the future possible energy policy direction in Ghana: energy emission targets, carbon taxes and transmission and distribution losses improvements. The model was then used to simulate the development of technologies in each scenario up to 2040 and the level of renewable generation examined. Finally, cost benefit analysis of the policy scenarios, as well as their greenhouse gas mitigation potential were also discussed. The results show that: suitable policies for clean power generation have an important role in CO2 mitigation in Ghana. The introduction of carbon minimisation policies will also promote diversification of the generation mix with higher penetration of renewable energy technologies, thus reducing the overall fossil fuel generation in Ghana. It further indicated that, significant greenhouse emissions savings is achieved with improvement in transmission and distribution losses

Mixed-Integer Distributed Ant Colony Optimization of Dump Load Allocation with Improved Islanded Microgrid Load Flow

Dump load (DL) utilization at low demand hours in highly penetrated islanded microgrid is of great importance to offer voltage and frequency regulation. Additionally, load flow (LF) convergence is vital to optimize the working states of the DL allocation problem. Hence, more analysis is necessary to highlight the significance of DL in power regulation while observing the influence of LF on solution accuracy. This article proposes two LF techniques derived from backward/forward sweep (BFS), viz., general BFS (GBFS) and improved special BFS (SBFS-II). The latter is based on global voltage shared between generating units, while the former has a more general approach by considering generating bus’s local voltage. The optimal sizing and sitting of DL with optimum droop sets are determined using the mixed-integer distributed ant colony optimization (MIDACO) with the two new LF methods. The optimization problem was formulated to minimize voltage and frequency deviations as well as power losses. The problem was validated on IEEE 69- and 118-bus systems and compared with established metaheuristics. Results show that DL allocation using MIDACO with SBFS-II and GBFS has improved the solution speed and accuracy, respectively. Furthermore, the enhanced voltage and frequency results highlight DL as an efficient power management solution