Current trends among pediatric ophthalmologists to decrease myopia progression—an international perspective

Purpose To explore what the current worldwide preferred practice patterns of pediatric ophthalmologists are to decrease myopia progression among their patients. Methods A questionnaire was sent to all members of supranational and national pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus societies. Results The questionnaire was fully completed by most respondents 90.10% (847 of 940 responses). Fifty-seven percent (457) routinely treat to decrease myopia progression. The most common parameter to initiate treatment was a myopic increase of 1 diopter/year or more (74.8%, 246). Seventy percent (345) prescribed eye drops. Atropine 0.01% was the most popular (63.4%, 277) followed by atropine 1% (10.9%, 48) and atropine 0.5% (8.9%, 39). Eighty-six percent (394) of the respondents advised to spend more time outdoors, to reduce the amount of time viewing screens (60.2%, 277), and cutback the use of smart phones (63.9%, 294). Conclusions Most pediatric ophthalmologists treat to decrease myopia. They employ a wide variety of means to decrease myopia progression. Atropine 0.01% is the most popular and safe modality used similarly to recent reports. However, there is no consensus when treatment should be initiated. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the best timing to start treatment and the applicability of recent studies in the Asian population to other ethnic groups. This will improve the ability to update pediatric ophthalmologist with evidenced-based treatment options to counter the myopia epidemic

Body injuries due to the high pressure injection of the fluid

W opracowaniu przedstawiono możliwości wystąpienia obrażeń związanych z użytkowaniem wszelkiego rodzaju układów hydraulicznych, wykorzystujących jako medium ciecz pod wysokim ciśnieniem. W oparciu o znane z literatury przypadki, przedstawiono przyczyny wypadków oraz sposoby ich zapobiegania.Despite the fact that high pressure fluid injection injuries to the body do not occur very often, it is important to develop awareness in the staff of dangers concerned with the spout from hydraulic hoses. It is because of the fact that most of the injured people underestimate small and punctiform skin lesions, that are characteristic of the high pressure injection injuries. But the real damages are under the skin. Fluid under high pressure can damage tissues, tendons and blood vessels. Every body injuries due to the high pressure injection of the fluid pose a threat to the life and health of the injured person. Thus high pressure injection injuries should be immediately treated surgically