28 research outputs found
Toxicity of Fusarium Toxins
Plijesni roda Fusarium jedni su od najÄeÅ”Äih kontaminanata žitarica u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji u agroekoloÅ”kim uvjetima Republike
Hrvatske. Fusarium sp. metaboliziraju sekundarne toksiÄne metabolite-mikotoksine koji mogu uzrokovati akutna i kroniÄno toksiÄna djelovanja
na ljude i životinje. Kontaminacija usjeva Fusarium vrstama može nastati prije žetve (na polju), ali i poslije žetve (u skladiŔtima i silosima).
PosljediÄno tome evidentna je i kontaminacija žitarica i uskladiÅ”tenih proizvoda Fusarium toksinimaFusarium fungi are among the most common contaminant of cereals in agricultural production in agroecological conditions of the Republic
of Croatia. Fusarium sp. metabolize toxic secondary metabolites-mycotoxins that can cause acute and chronic toxic effects on humans and animals. Fusarium contamination of crop species can occur before harvest (the fi eld), and after harvest (in warehouses and silos). Consequently, contamination of crops and stored products with Fusarium toxins is evident
Weed abundance in eco-production of Galega orientalis Lam. in the comparasation to Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L.
Tijekom istraživanja najveÄi postotni udio korova po m2 zabilježen je u uzgoju Äiste galege (Galega orientalis Lam.) od 12.95%, a najmanji u mjeÅ”ovitom uzgoju crvene djeteline (Trifolium pratense L.) i viÅ”egodiÅ”njeg ljulja (Lolium perenne L.) od 1.02%. Manji postotni udio korova po m2 zabilježen je u pokusima gdje su Galega orientalis Lam., Medicago sativa L. i Trifolium pratense L. inokulirane bakterijom roda Rhizobium u odnosu na uzgoj istih iz pokusa gdje nisu inokulirane, osim u mjeÅ”ovitom uzgoju crvene djeteline (Trifolium pratense L.) i viÅ”egodiÅ”njeg ljulja (Lolium perenne L.). U mjeÅ”ovitom uzgoju Galega orientalis Lam. s Ävorastom oÅ”tricom (Dactylis glomerata L.), Trifloium pratense L. i Medicago sativa L. s viÅ”egodiÅ”njim ljuljem (Lolium perenne L.) utvrÄen je manji postotni udio korova po m2 u odnosu na Äisti uzgoj Galega orientalis Lam., Medicago sativa L i Trifolium pratense L.. U dvanaest pokusa determinirano je 26 vrsta biljnih korova, a najzastupljenije su bile: bezmirisna kamilica (Maticaria inidora L.), prava kamilica (Matricaria chamomilla L.), livadna vlasnjaÄa (Poa pratensis L.), poljski ostak (Sonchus arvensis L., poljska Äestoslavica (Veronica arvensis L.) i poljski osjak (Cirisium arvense L.)The largest percentage of weed in m2 was found in the cultivation of Galega orientalis Lam. of 12.95%, while mixed cultivation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and year-long ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) showed smallest rate of 1.02%. Smaller percentage of herbal weed in m2 was found in experiments where legumes (Fabeaceae) were inoculated with Rhizobium galegae bacteria, except in the cultivation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and year-long ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Unlike the experiments with pure cultivation of legumes (Fabeaceae), experiments with a mixed cultivation of oxytropis (Dactylis glomerata L.) or year-long ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with legumes (Fabeaceae): Galega orientalis Lam., alalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) showed smaller percentage of weed in m2. In these twelve experiments 26 species of herbal weed have been determined. Those of higher percentage are: Matricaria inodora L., Maticaria chamomilla L Poa pratensis L., Sonchus arvensis L.; Cirisium arvensis L. and Veronica arvensis L
INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF SIGNIFICANT MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI BY ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS IN ANIMAL FEED
Krmne smjese pohranjene u skladiÅ”ta potrebno je zaÅ”tititi od kontaminacije gljivama i njihovim otrovnim sekundarnim metabolitima. ZnaÄajni fitopatogeni, koji na zrnju žitarica dospijevaju u skladiÅ”ta i silose, ubrajaju se Fusarium verticillioides i Fusarium graminearum producenti fumonizina i trihotecena. U ovom je istraživanju ispitana uÄinkovitost viÅ”e razliÄitih smjesa tvari antifungalnih i antimikotoksikogenih osobina u supresiji rasta i biosintezi mikotoksina navedenih gljiva u stoÄnoj hrani. Najbolji uÄinak u inhibiciji rasta ostvaren je s kombinacijom butiliranog hidroksianisola, propil parabena i timola u ukupnoj koncentraciji od 700 Ī¼g g-1. MeÄutim primjenom navedenih tvari, u dvostruko manjoj koncentraciji, zabilježena je stimulirana biosinteza fumonizina B1 i B2. Kod formuliranja kombinacija optimalnog supresivnog uÄinka u uvjetima skladiÅ”tenja treba uzeti u obzir niz Äinitelja od abiotskih faktora do biotskih interakcija.Concentrate mixtures stored in storages need to be protected from contamination by fungi and their toxic secondary metabolites. Significant phythopathogenic fungi in Croatia are Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum producers of trichothecenes and may occur in storages on the grain cereals. In this research, influence of different antifungal and antimycotoxigenic mixtures on growth and mycotoxins synthesis of these fungi was investigated in concentrate mixtures. The most effective inhibition of growth was achieved with a mixture of butylated hydroxyanisol, propyl paraben and thymol in the total concentration of 700 Ī¼g g-1. However it was recorded that application of these substances in half the concentration stimulated biosynthesis of fumonisins B1 and B2. Results indicate variety of factors from abiotic conditions to biotic interactions that should be taken into account when formulating combinations with optimal suppressive effect in storage conditions
INFLUENCE OF MANANOLIGOSACCHARIDES SUPLEMENTATION ON JUVENILE CARP (CYPRINIS CARPIO) IN CAGE FARMING
Essential oils ā inhibitors of fungal growth and mycotoxin synthesis
Prirodne antimikrobne tvari u oÄima potroÅ”aÄa postaju sve poželjnije jer su manje toksiÄne, stoga je trenutno vrlo popularno istraživanje eteriÄnih ulja kao zamjene za kemijske fungicide. EteriÄna ulja ili pojedini njihovi sastojci posjeduju, izmeÄu ostalih, antifungalna i antimikotoksikogena svojstva. Ova osobina je posebice izražena kod eteriÄnih ulja fenolne strukture, a staniÄna membrana je glavno mjesto njihovog djelovanja. Njihova djelotvornost ovisiti Äe o abiotskim i biotskim interakcijama u okoliÅ”u.Naturally occurring antimicrobals are becoming more and more desirable mainly because they are less toxic for humans. Therefore, researches that are trying to substitute fungicides with essential oils are very popular. Essential oils or their components show antifungal and antimycotoxinogenic properties. Antifungal activity was especially observed in essential oils rich in phenolic compounds while the cell membrane is the main site of their action. The effectiveness of essential oils depends on abiotic and biotic environmental conditions