140 research outputs found
Dynamic performance of control loops and their interactions in a VAV HVAC system
Good HVAC control schemes in buildings help reduce energy use and maintain occupant comfort. During the last 10 years, VAV-HVAC systems are widely used in commercial buildings because they can reduce energy use significantly and provide good temperature control of the conditioned spaces compared to CV-HVAC systems. However, the controls for VAV systems are somewhat difficult and further research in this area still needs to be carried out. This research will focus on local control loop interactions and operating strategies for VAV control systems. To reach this objective, experiments were conducted in a two-zone VAV test facility. The facility consists of six control loops (cooling valve, fan speed, two dampers, two electric heaters) activated by DDC PI controllers. Experiments were conducted in this facility and the results were processed, and analyzed in this thesis. The steady state and dynamic characteristics of a VAV-HVAC control system has been studied. The interaction between control loops of a VAV system operating under (i) open-loop, (ii) closed-loop control modes were evaluated. Also six local loops were tuned and optimal range of controller gains for single-loop and multi-loop VAV system operation were determined. Experiments were conducted to compare the operating performance of Pressure Independent Control (PIC) and Pressure Dependent Control (PDC) strategies. The results show that PIC strategy is more stable than PDC. However, a finely tuned PDC strategy gives good room temperature control compared to PIC. The results of this research will help building engineers identify operating problems and interactions between local loops in VAV systems. In addition, the optimal range of controller gains obtained in this research can offer guidelines in PID controller tuning. Moreover, the tests conducted provide experimental data to building engineers and researchers for model development and control desig
Instance Needs More Care: Rewriting Prompts for Instances Yields Better Zero-Shot Performance
Enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform tasks in zero-shot has been
an appealing goal owing to its labor-saving (i.e., requiring no task-specific
annotations); as such, zero-shot prompting approaches also enjoy better task
generalizability. To improve LLMs' zero-shot performance, prior work has
focused on devising more effective task instructions (e.g., ``let's think step
by step'' ). However, we argue that, in order for an LLM to solve them
correctly in zero-shot, individual test instances need more carefully designed
and customized instructions. To this end, we propose PRoMPTd, an approach that
rewrites the task prompt for each individual test input to be more specific,
unambiguous, and complete, so as to provide better guidance to the task LLM. We
evaluated PRoMPTd on eight datasets covering tasks including arithmetics,
logical reasoning, and code generation, using GPT-4 as the task LLM. Notably,
PRoMPTd achieves an absolute improvement of around 10% on the complex MATH
dataset and 5% on the code generation task on HumanEval, outperforming
conventional zero-shot methods. In addition, we also showed that the rewritten
prompt can provide better interpretability of how the LLM resolves each test
instance, which can potentially be leveraged as a defense mechanism against
adversarial prompting. The source code and dataset can be obtained from
https://github.com/salokr/PRoMPTdComment: Work in progres
Learning a Practical SDR-to-HDRTV Up-conversion using New Dataset and Degradation Models
In media industry, the demand of SDR-to-HDRTV up-conversion arises when users
possess HDR-WCG (high dynamic range-wide color gamut) TVs while most
off-the-shelf footage is still in SDR (standard dynamic range). The research
community has started tackling this low-level vision task by learning-based
approaches. When applied to real SDR, yet, current methods tend to produce dim
and desaturated result, making nearly no improvement on viewing experience.
Different from other network-oriented methods, we attribute such deficiency to
training set (HDR-SDR pair). Consequently, we propose new HDRTV dataset (dubbed
HDRTV4K) and new HDR-to-SDR degradation models. Then, it's used to train a
luminance-segmented network (LSN) consisting of a global mapping trunk, and two
Transformer branches on bright and dark luminance range. We also update
assessment criteria by tailored metrics and subjective experiment. Finally,
ablation studies are conducted to prove the effectiveness. Our work is
available at: https://github.com/AndreGuo/HDRTVDM.Comment: Accepted by CVPR202
A Local Signal based Inter-area Damping Controller via Dynamic State Estimation Approach
To suppress inter-area oscillations and enhance small-signal stability of power systems, wide-area damping controllers (WADC) have been used by utilising wide-area signals with high observabilities to inter-area modes. However, the requirement of the wide-area signal makes communication systems involved in the control loops of the power systems and therefore, the damping performance of the conventional WADC suffers from time-delay, data dropout and cyber-attacks. This paper proposes a local signal based inter-area damping controller (LSIADC) to suppress inter-area oscillation without using wide-area signals. The LSIADC extracts a signal with high observability to the inter-area mode from the local signal by dynamic state estimation (DSE) technique and the control signal is obtained by adding a proper phase shift to the extracted signal. The simulation results show that the proposed controller can effectively suppress inter-area oscillation using the local signal only
Diving into Darkness: A Dual-Modulated Framework for High-Fidelity Super-Resolution in Ultra-Dark Environments
Super-resolution tasks oriented to images captured in ultra-dark environments
is a practical yet challenging problem that has received little attention. Due
to uneven illumination and low signal-to-noise ratio in dark environments, a
multitude of problems such as lack of detail and color distortion may be
magnified in the super-resolution process compared to normal-lighting
environments. Consequently, conventional low-light enhancement or
super-resolution methods, whether applied individually or in a cascaded manner
for such problem, often encounter limitations in recovering luminance, color
fidelity, and intricate details. To conquer these issues, this paper proposes a
specialized dual-modulated learning framework that, for the first time,
attempts to deeply dissect the nature of the low-light super-resolution task.
Leveraging natural image color characteristics, we introduce a self-regularized
luminance constraint as a prior for addressing uneven lighting. Expanding on
this, we develop Illuminance-Semantic Dual Modulation (ISDM) components to
enhance feature-level preservation of illumination and color details. Besides,
instead of deploying naive up-sampling strategies, we design the
Resolution-Sensitive Merging Up-sampler (RSMU) module that brings together
different sampling modalities as substrates, effectively mitigating the
presence of artifacts and halos. Comprehensive experiments showcases the
applicability and generalizability of our approach to diverse and challenging
ultra-low-light conditions, outperforming state-of-the-art methods with a
notable improvement (i.e., 5\% in PSNR, and 43\% in LPIPS).
Especially noteworthy is the 19-fold increase in the RMSE score, underscoring
our method's exceptional generalization across different darkness levels. The
code will be available online upon publication of the paper.Comment: 9 page
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