5 research outputs found

    Efficacité de rétention des polluants par les marais Ciranga et Kabamba du Lac Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo

    No full text
    Wetlands are more and more threatened by anthropogenic activities reducing their pollutant filtering capacity of waters. This study determined the pollutant retention efficiency of Ciranga and Kabamba wetlands in Lake Kivu basins. Water samples were collected once a month for a period of one year (August, 2011 in July, 2012) from the inlet and the outlet of the wetland, and at seven other locations in the wetland with different types of vegetation. The pollutant retention efficiency was computed as a relative change in a given pollutant concentration to the respective inlet concentration. Result showed that Ciranga and Kabamba wetlands retention efficiency varied over-time and for the type of vegetation and land use. The Ciranga wetland had a relatively higher retention efficiency than Kabamba wetland. The nutrient retention efficiency of Ciranga is 13% for Nitrogen. For Kabamba wetlands, the retention efficiency is about 2% for phosphorus. The concentration of phosphorus (0,5 ”mole/l) is high in the river Lwiro crossing in Ciranga wetland. But the retention of Nitrogen is high in the Kabamba wetland. The Kabamba wetland was drained and transformed into farming land, its natural function of purification was reduced. Judicious wetland restoration measures are needed in order to stabilize Lake Kivu and other important ecosystems of the region.Les marais sont de plus en plus menacĂ©s par les activitĂ©s anthropogĂ©niques mettant en pĂ©ril leur capacitĂ© de filtrant des eaux des bassins versants. Cette Ă©tude a permis de dĂ©terminer l’efficacitĂ© de rĂ©tention des nutriments par les marais de Ciranga et de Kabamba et les effets de l’utilisation des terres et de la vĂ©gĂ©tation sur la rĂ©tention des nutriments. Les Ă©chantillons d’eau ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s Ă  l’entrĂ©e de la riviĂšre dans le marais et Ă  l’embouchure, et aussi sur sept stations identifiĂ©es dans le marais caractĂ©risĂ©es par diffĂ©rents types de vĂ©gĂ©tation et d’utilisation. Les prĂ©lĂšvements ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s mensuellement entre aoĂ»t 2011 et juillet 2012. L’efficacitĂ© de rĂ©tention relative des polluants a Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©e par la diffĂ©rence entre la concentration au site de Ă  l’entrĂ©e du marais et celle au site rĂ©cepteur. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que l’efficacitĂ© de rĂ©tention des nutriments des marais de Ciranga et de Kabamba diffĂšrent au vu de leur Ă©tat d’utilisation des terres et de la couverture vĂ©gĂ©tale. Le marais de Ciranga a une potentialitĂ© de rĂ©tention des nutriments plus Ă©levĂ©e que le marais de Kabamba. L’efficacitĂ© de rĂ©tention du marais Ciranga est de 13% pour l’azote, mais celui de Kabamba est de 2% pour le phosphore. Le marais de Ciranga possĂšde une concentration Ă©levĂ©e en phosphore dans la riviĂšre Lwiro (0,5 ”mole/l). Par ailleurs, la rĂ©tention d’azote total est plus significative dans le marais de Kabamba que dans le marais de Ciranga. Comme le marais de Kabamba a Ă©tĂ© drainĂ© et transformĂ© en terre de culture, sa fonction naturelle de purification a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©duite. Des mesures de restauration des marais seraient d’une grande importance pour la stabilitĂ© du Lac Kivu et d’autres Ă©cosystĂšmes importants de la rĂ©gion

    Évaluation comparĂ©e de la pollution des riviĂšres Kahuwa et Mpungwe par l'utilisation des macroinvertĂ©brĂ©s benthiques

    No full text
    The environmental disturbances due to human activities increase in many countries and draw away various types of water pollutions. These pollutions are important and cause a serious regional and local problem in public health. In Bukavu and the surrounding areas, there are enough aquatic systems which shown signs of pollution resulting from human activities. In order to estimate the impact of human activities on the water quality within rivers, this study was carried out in the Kahuwa river, located in Bukavu, urban area, and Mpungwe river, located in rural area, so far at 20 Km of Bukavu. The physico-chemical and biological parameters from 7 sampling sites of both rivers (4 in the Kahuwa river and 3 in the Mpungwe river) was assessed in-situ and in the laboratory of the Lwiro Research Centre in Natural Sciences, Democratic Republic of Congo. According to the results obtained, Kahuwa river is more polluted than Mpungwe river during the period of this study. The physico-chemical parameters reach from upstream to downstream in both rivers Kahuwa and Mpungwe. The nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) increased in the sites which is intensively anthropogenic activities (Kibonge, Cheche and SNCC for the Kahuwa river and Murhesa factory for the Mpungwe river). The organic pollution is intensified by anthropogenic used. In general the physico-chemical water quality parameters show a significant difference (p <0,05). The major sources of the high levels of nutrients are in general the waste dumping, the mechanical erosion of rocks and soil particles due to agriculture blocks, the septic hole, the domestic sewers and industrial effluents in the water bodies, which are not regulated. The taxanomic diversity presents fewer species in Kahuwa river (14) than Mpungwe river (31). The difference is significant between both rivers (p <0,001) as regards species richness. The water quality was found to be the major factor contributing to the species richness of Kahuwa river and the impact of agriculture land use in the catchment on benthic macroinvertebrates distribution is significant. The several diversity (Shannon-Weaver, Hilsenhof, Simpson and Maragelf Indices) and pollution biotic macroinvertebrates indices show variations of the population diversity between the samples sites and rivers. In order to reduce the organic materials loading from Kahuwa micro catchment and Lake Kivu, there is need of erosion prevention and sanitation program (VIP toilet)

    Évaluation comparĂ©e de la pollution des riviĂšres Kahuwa et Mpungwe par l'utilisation des macroinvertĂ©brĂ©s benthiques

    No full text
    Les perturbations environnementales dues aux activitĂ©s anthropogĂ©niques se multiplient dans de nombreuses rĂ©gions du globe et entraĂźnent diverses pollutions des eaux. Ces pollutions sont importantes et causent un grand problĂšme rĂ©gional et local de santĂ© publique. Dans la ville de Bukavu et ses environs, il y a suffisamment des systĂšmes aquatiques qui prĂ©sentent des signes de pollution rĂ©sultant des activitĂ©s humaines. En vue d’estimer l’impact des activitĂ©s anthropogĂ©niques sur l’environnement des riviĂšres, cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e sur les riviĂšres Kahuwa, situĂ©e en milieu urbain, la ville de Bukavu et Mpungwe, situĂ©e en milieu rural, Ă  20 km de la mĂȘme ville. Des analyses physico-chimiques et biologiques rĂ©alisĂ©es in situ et au laboratoire du Centre de recherche en sciences naturelles de Lwiro, RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo dans 7 sites des deux riviĂšres (4 dans la riviĂšre Kahuwa et 3 dans la riviĂšre Mpungwe). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© que la riviĂšre Kahuwa est plus polluĂ©e que la riviĂšre Mpungwe durant la pĂ©riode d’étude. Les paramĂštres physico-chimiques Ă©tudiĂ©s varient de l’amont en aval dans les deux riviĂšres. Les concentrations en nutriments (phosphore et azote) sont en gĂ©nĂ©rales trĂšs Ă©levĂ©es dans les sites oĂč les activitĂ©s anthropogĂ©niques sont intenses (Kibonge, Cheche et SNCC pour la riviĂšre Kahuwa et Usine Murhesa pour la riviĂšre Mpungwe). Ces concentrations montrent bien que la pollution organique est intensifiĂ©e par les apports anthropogĂ©niques. En gĂ©nĂ©ral, la diffĂ©rence des concentrations des paramĂštres physico-chimiques dans les deux riviĂšres est significative (p < 0,05). Les sources de ces nutriments sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement les effluents domestiques, les fosses septiques, les Ă©rosions provenant de l’agriculture, les rejets des industries et rejets des dĂ©chets divers qui ne sont pas rĂ©glementĂ©s. Les sites de la riviĂšre Kahuwa ont moins d’espĂšces (14) que les sites de la riviĂšre Mpungwe (31). La diffĂ©rence est significative entre les deux riviĂšres (p < 0,001) en ce qui concerne la richesse spĂ©cifique. Cette faible richesse spĂ©cifique de la riviĂšre Kahuwa serait due Ă  la dĂ©gradation de la qualitĂ© des eaux comme dĂ©jĂ  observĂ©e dans les facteurs physico-chimiques. En effet, il a Ă©tĂ© remarquĂ© que l’utilisation des terres dans le bassin versant avait un impact significatif sur la distribution des macroinvertĂ©brĂ©s. L’indice de Shannon et Weaver H’, l’indice biotique de pollution des macroinvertĂ©brĂ©s l’indice de Hilsenhof, l’indice de Simpson et l’indice de Margalef montrent des variations entre les sites de prĂ©lĂšvement et les riviĂšres. Des mesures de lutte antiĂ©rosive dans le bassin versant de la riviĂšre Kahuwa et de mesures d’éco-sanitation (utilisation des toilettes VIP) sont recommandĂ©es pour diminuer la quantitĂ© des matiĂšres organiques apportĂ©es par la riviĂšre Kahuwa dans le Lac Kivu.The environmental disturbances due to human activities increase in many countries and draw away various types of water pollutions. These pollutions are important and cause a serious regional and local problem in public health. In Bukavu and the surrounding areas, there are enough aquatic systems which shown signs of pollution resulting from human activities. In order to estimate the impact of human activities on the water quality within rivers, this study was carried out in the Kahuwa river, located in Bukavu, urban area, and Mpungwe river, located in rural area, so far at 20 Km of Bukavu. The physico-chemical and biological parameters from 7 sampling sites of both rivers (4 in the Kahuwa river and 3 in the Mpungwe river) was assessed in-situ and in the laboratory of the Lwiro Research Centre in Natural Sciences, Democratic Republic of Congo. According to the results obtained, Kahuwa river is more polluted than Mpungwe river during the period of this study. The physico-chemical parameters reach from upstream to downstream in both rivers Kahuwa and Mpungwe. The nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) increased in the sites which is intensively anthropogenic activities (Kibonge, Cheche and SNCC for the Kahuwa river and Murhesa factory for the Mpungwe river). The organic pollution is intensified by anthropogenic used. In general the physico-chemical water quality parameters show a significant difference (p <0,05). The major sources of the high levels of nutrients are in general the waste dumping, the mechanical erosion of rocks and soil particles due to agriculture blocks, the septic hole, the domestic sewers and industrial effluents in the water bodies, which are not regulated. The taxanomic diversity presents fewer species in Kahuwa river (14) than Mpungwe river (31). The difference is significant between both rivers (p <0,001) as regards species richness. The water quality was found to be the major factor contributing to the species richness of Kahuwa river and the impact of agriculture land use in the catchment on benthic macroinvertebrates distribution is significant. The several diversity (Shannon-Weaver, Hilsenhof, Simpson and Maragelf Indices) and pollution biotic macroinvertebrates indices show variations of the population diversity between the samples sites and rivers. In order to reduce the organic materials loading from Kahuwa micro catchment and Lake Kivu, there is need of erosion prevention and sanitation program (VIP toilet)
    corecore