10 research outputs found
The Moderating Effect of Environmental Uncertainty on New Product Development and Time Efficiency*
This empirical study examines the influence of environmental uncertainty on industrial product innovation. The present study addresses what is believed to be a shortcoming in the new product development literature and explores potential effects of environmental uncertainty on the development process, project organization, and on project timeliness with a sample of development projects in two countries, Canada and Australia. When looking at the combined sample of 182 completed projects, this study finds that the perceived market-related project environment has a direct and positive impact on time efficiency. Further, this research finds that a higher degree of technological uncertainty moderates the relationship between development process, project organization and time efficiency. Consequently, innovating companies may benefit by adapting some of their development approaches to different environmental conditions and to varying degrees of uncertainty. However, when examining country-specific effects, the results change quite significantly. In particular, the findings indicate that environmental uncertainty in the Canadian sample neither directly impacts time efficiency, nor does it have any moderating effect. Instead, technical proficiency in the development process, project team organization, and process compression appear to be viable strategies to increase time-efficient development. In contrast, the results of the Australian study suggest that perceived market and technological uncertainty impact time efficiency. In particular, under conditions of technological unpredictability, project team organization increases time efficiency, whereas process compression appears to decrease time-efficient product development. However, process compression seems to be a viable strategy in environments characterized by lower technological uncertainty. The results also point to the importance of disaggregating data when studying product development processes across countries
Forensic Emergency Medicine
AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition
18-20 September 2007, Long Beach, California.Customersā needs are dynamic and evolve in response to unfolding environmental uncertainties.
The ability of a company or an industry to address these changing customersā needs in a timely and
cost-effective way is a measure of its responsiveness. In the space industry, a systemic discrepancy
exists between the time constants associated with the change of customersā needs, and the response
time of the industry in delivering on-orbit solutions to these needs. Increasingly, the penalties
associated with such delays are becoming unacceptable, and space responsiveness is recognized as a
strategic imperative in commercial competitive and military environments.
In this paper, we provide a critical assessment of the literature on responsive space and
introduce a new multi-disciplinary framework for thinking about and addressing issues of space
responsiveness. Our framework advocates three levels of responsiveness: a global industry-wide
responsiveness, a local stakeholder responsiveness, and an interactive or inter-stakeholder
responsiveness. We introduce and motivate the use of āresponsiveness mapsā for multiple
stakeholders. We then identify ālevers of responsiveness,ā technical spacecraft- and launch-centric,
as well as āsoftā levers (e.g., acquisition policies) for improving the responsiveness of the space
industry. Finally, we propose a series of research questions to aggressively tackle problems associated
with space responsiveness