Additional file 1:Table S1. of Mapping occurrence of Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis and areas at risk of porcine cysticercosis in Central America and the Caribbean basin

Countries, territories, and institute contacts. (XLSX 11 kb

DataSheet_1_Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal phenotype formation differences between russet and non-russet apples.xlsx

The apple is an economically important fruit, and fruit russeting is not conducive to its appearance. Although studies have examined fruit russeting, its mechanism remains unclear. Two apple strains of the F1 hybrid population derived from ‘Fuji’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ were used in this study. We found that the skin of russet apples was rough and fissured, while that of non-russet apples was smooth and waxy. Chemical staining, LC- and GC-MS showed that both lignin and suberin were increased in russet apple skin. Meanwhile, genes involved in lignin and suberin synthetic pathways were upregulated in russet apple skin. Additionally, we found many differentially expressed genes (DEGs1) involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling and stress responses in the two apple strains. We found that WRKY13 may influence russeting by regulating lignin synthesis. Our study identified several candidate metabolites and genes, which will provide a good foundation for further research.</p

Mixed-Metal–Organic Framework with Effective Lewis Acidic Sites for Sulfur Confinement in High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The mixed-metal–organic framework approach and a representative zirconium–metalloporphyrin framework (MOF-525) have been developed to create novel sulfur hosts and Li–S batteries. The different local environments at the centers of the porphyrin moieties in a series of MMOFsMOF-525­(2H), MOF-525­(FeCl), and MOF-525­(Cu)have led to their different behaviors for the confinement of sulfur and thus Li–S batteries. The unique structure of MOF-525­(Cu) has enabled each Cu²⁺ site to offer two Lewis acidic sites, featuring it as a very powerful MOF host for the inclusion of sulfur and polysulfides. The S@MOF-525­(Cu) cathode has demonstrated the best performance among all reported sulfur/MOFs composite cathode materials, with a reversible capacity of about 700 mAh/g at 0.5 C after 200 cycles

DataSheet_2_Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal phenotype formation differences between russet and non-russet apples.docx

The apple is an economically important fruit, and fruit russeting is not conducive to its appearance. Although studies have examined fruit russeting, its mechanism remains unclear. Two apple strains of the F1 hybrid population derived from ‘Fuji’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ were used in this study. We found that the skin of russet apples was rough and fissured, while that of non-russet apples was smooth and waxy. Chemical staining, LC- and GC-MS showed that both lignin and suberin were increased in russet apple skin. Meanwhile, genes involved in lignin and suberin synthetic pathways were upregulated in russet apple skin. Additionally, we found many differentially expressed genes (DEGs1) involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling and stress responses in the two apple strains. We found that WRKY13 may influence russeting by regulating lignin synthesis. Our study identified several candidate metabolites and genes, which will provide a good foundation for further research.</p

DataSheet_1_Cost-effectiveness of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy with adjuvant pembrolizumab for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in the United States.pdf

IntroductionPerioperative (neoadjuvant and adjuvant) pembrolizumab has shown favorable efficacy in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this treatment from the perspective of the United States healthcare payers.MethodsWe established a Markov model to compare the cost-effectiveness of perioperative pembrolizumab with that of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 21-day cycles, utilizing data from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-671 trial. Additional data were extracted from other publications or online sources. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings. A willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained was established. The main outcomes of this study were the measurement of QALYs, overall costs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and net monetary benefit (NMB).ResultsDuring a 10-year time horizon, the total costs of perioperative pembrolizumab and the control treatment were$224,779.1 and $110,026.3, respectively. The QALYs were 4.19 and 2.97 for the two treatments, respectively, which led to an ICER of$94,222.29 per QALY gained. The NMB at the WTP threshold at $150,000 per QALY gained was$67,931.3. One-way sensitivity analysis identified the cost of pembrolizumab as the primary factor influencing cost-effectiveness. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated a 97.7% probability of perioperative pembrolizumab being cost-effective at the WTP threshold.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of the United States healthcare payers, perioperative pembrolizumab is a cost-effective treatment for patients with early-stage NSCLC.</p

DataSheet_2_Cost-effectiveness of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy with adjuvant pembrolizumab for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in the United States.docx

IntroductionPerioperative (neoadjuvant and adjuvant) pembrolizumab has shown favorable efficacy in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this treatment from the perspective of the United States healthcare payers.MethodsWe established a Markov model to compare the cost-effectiveness of perioperative pembrolizumab with that of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 21-day cycles, utilizing data from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-671 trial. Additional data were extracted from other publications or online sources. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings. A willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained was established. The main outcomes of this study were the measurement of QALYs, overall costs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and net monetary benefit (NMB).ResultsDuring a 10-year time horizon, the total costs of perioperative pembrolizumab and the control treatment were$224,779.1 and $110,026.3, respectively. The QALYs were 4.19 and 2.97 for the two treatments, respectively, which led to an ICER of$94,222.29 per QALY gained. The NMB at the WTP threshold at $150,000 per QALY gained was$67,931.3. One-way sensitivity analysis identified the cost of pembrolizumab as the primary factor influencing cost-effectiveness. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated a 97.7% probability of perioperative pembrolizumab being cost-effective at the WTP threshold.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of the United States healthcare payers, perioperative pembrolizumab is a cost-effective treatment for patients with early-stage NSCLC.</p

A Metal–Organic Framework with Open Metal Sites for Enhanced Confinement of Sulfur and Lithium–Sulfur Battery of Long Cycling Life

The lithium–sulfur battery has a very high theoretical capacity and specific energy density, yet its applications have been obstructed by fast capacity fading and low Coulombic efficiency due to the dissolution of polysulfides. Herein we utilize HKUST-1 as the host material to trap sulfur and thus to diminish the dissolution problem. A large amount of sulfur (40 wt %) has been incorporated in HKUST-1 pore metrics to achieve HKUST-1⊃S composite whose structure has been established by both single and powder X-ray diffraction studies. The strong confinement of HKUST-1 for sulfur attributed to the suitable pore spaces and open Cu²⁺ sites has enabled the resulting Li–S⊂HKSUT-1 battery to show excellent performance with a capacity of about 500 mAh/g after 170 cycles

Meta-analysis of <i>GABRB2</i> polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia combined with GWAS data of the Han Chinese population and psychiatric genomics consortium

<div><p>Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder with evidence of a strong genetic component in the complex etiologies. Some studies indicated that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)_A receptor β2 subunit gene (<i>GABRB2</i>) was associated with SCZ. Other studies reported a negative association. Moreover, the results of two previous meta-analyses of <i>GABRB2</i> with SCZ were inconsistent and the sample sizes were limited. Therefore, an updated meta-analysis combined with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of the Han Chinese population and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) was performed. Available case–control and family-based genetic data were extracted from association studies, and the GWAS data were included. The findings showed no association between six single-nucleotide polymorphisms of <i>GABRB2</i> (rs6556547, rs1816071, rs1816072, rs194072, rs252944, and rs187269) and SCZ in a total of 51,491 patients and 74,667 controls. The ethnic subgroup analysis revealed no significant association in Asian populations. Since the PGC data of SCZ (SCZ-PGC, 2014) contained 3 studies of Asian populations (1866 patients and 3418 controls), only the data of European samples in SCZ-PGC were used for the meta-analysis of the Caucasian population in the present study. The result still showed no association in the Caucasian population. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis on combined data from GWASs of the Han Chinese population and PGC suggested that <i>GABRB2</i> polymorphisms might not be associated with SCZ.</p></div

High-Sensitivity Detection of Iron(III) by Dopamine-Modified Funnel-Shaped Nanochannels

Iron as an essential trace element in the human body participates in various biological processes. The demand for efficient and sensitive detection of Fe^III has drawn wide attentions. Inspired by biological nanochannels, a high-sensitivity, economic, and recyclable Fe^III detection method is proposed by using dopamine (DOPA)-modified funnel-shaped nanochannels. Along with the Fe^III concentration changing, different Fe^III–DOPA chelates are generated in the channel, which affect the wettability and charge distribution of the pore surface, resulting in a change of ionic current through the nanochannels. Meanwhile, the funnel-shaped nanochannel applied in this work with a narrow cylindrical segment (a diameter close to 10 nm) as the critical section can enhance the sensing ability to the ultra-trace level (down to 10^–12 M). We expound the mechanism and feasibility of this method and anticipate that the system can be a good example to design highly sensitive and stable ion detection devices

Mechanisms of pH-Sensitivity and Cellular Internalization of PEOz‑<i>b</i>‑PLA Micelles with Varied Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Ratios and Intracellular Trafficking Routes and Fate of the Copolymer

pH-responsive polymeric micelles have shown promise for the targeted and intracellular delivery of antitumor agents. The present study aimed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of pH-sensitivity and cellular internalization of PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA micelles in detail, further unravel the effect of hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio of the micelles on their cellular internalization, and examine the intracellular trafficking routes and fate of PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA after internalization of the micelles. The results of variations in the size and Zeta potential of PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA micelles and cross-sectional area of PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA molecules with pH values suggested that electrostatic repulsion between PEOz chains resulting from ionization of the tertiary amide groups along PEOz chain at pH lower than its p<i>K</i>_a was responsible for pH-sensitivity of PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA micelles. Furthermore, the studies on internalization of PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA micelles by MCF-7 cells revealed that the uptake of PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA micelles was strongly influenced by their structural features, and showed that PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA micelles with hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio of 1.7–2.0 exhibited optimal cellular uptake. No evident alteration in cellular uptake of PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA micelles was detected by flow cytometry upon the existence of EIPA and chlorpromazine. However, the intracellular uptake of the micelles in the presence of MβCD and genistein was effectively inhibited. Hence, the internalization of such micelles by MCF-7 cells appeared to proceed mainly through caveolae/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis without being influenced by their hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio. Confocal micrographs revealed that late endosomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were all involved in the intracellular trafficking of PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA copolymers following their internalization via endocytosis, and then part of them was excreted from tumor cells to extracellular medium. These findings provided valuable information for developing desired PEOz-<i>b</i>-PLA micelles to improve their therapeutic efficacy and reducing the potential safety risks associated with their intracellular accumulation