The Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Primary Extramammary Paget’s Disease Treated with Surgery in Anogenital Regions: A Large Population Study from the SEER Database and Our Centre

Background: Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant cutaneous tumour that is commonly located in anogenital regions. The diagnosis of the disease is always delayed, and treatment is usually troublesome. This study aims to summarise the clinicopathological characteristics and the risk factors of prognosis for EMPD in anogenital regions, potentially providing evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of anogenital EMPD. Methods: 688 patients were sourced from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program between 1992 and 2021. In total, 176 participants from our centre from between 2011 and 2021 were included to investigate the characteristics and prognosis for EMPD in anogenital regions. Results: From the SEER program data, patient age of 65 years or older, metastasis of lymph nodes, Spanish-Hispanic-Latino race, diameter exceeding 10cm and lesions located anally were revealed as independent risk factors for shorter cancer-specific survival (CSS). However, the data from our centre highlighted that metastasis of lymph nodes and tumours extending through the epidermis are independent risk factors of shortened progression-free survival (PFS) and CSS of anogenital EMPD. Conclusion: This synthesised study revealed that some characteristics are regarded as risk factors for poor clinical prognosis, which have potential value in formulating more normative and effective strategies for patients with EMPD in anogenital regions

Clinical Implications of iNOS Levels in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Responding to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

<div><p>Triple-negative breast cancer is a high-risk breast cancer with poor survival rate. To date, there is a lack of targeted therapy for this type of cancer. One unique phenomenon is that inflammatory breast cancer is frequently triple negative. However, it is still ambiguous how inflammation influences triple-negative breast cancer growth and responding to chemotherapy. Herein, we investigated the levels of inflammation-associated enzyme, iNOS, in 20 triple-negative breast cancer patients’ tumors, and examined its correlation with patients’ responses to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our studies showed that triple-negative breast cancer patients with attenuated iNOS levels in tumor cells after treatment showed better responses to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy than other triple-negative breast cancer patients. Our further <i>in vitro</i> studies confirmed that induction of proper levels of NO increased the resistance to cisplatin in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Our data suggest that aberrant high level of iNOS/NO are associated with less effectiveness of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Therefore, we propose to monitor iNOS levels as a new predictor for triple-negative breast cancer patient’s response to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, iNOS/NO is considered as a potential target for combination therapy with platinum drugs for triple-negative breast cancer.</p></div

Detection of iNOS protein levels in TNBC tissues by immunohistochemistry.

<p>Top panel: demonstration of iNOS levels in patient’s tumor changing from positive to negative after treatment in IDC. Bottom panel: demonstration of iNOS levels in patient’s tumor changing from negative to positive after treatment in ILC.</p

Salmonellosis outbreak archive in China: data collection and assembly

Abstract Infectious disease outbreaks transcend the medical and public health realms, triggering widespread panic and impeding socio-economic development. Considering that self-limiting diarrhoea of sporadic cases is usually underreported, the Salmonella outbreak (SO) study offers a unique opportunity for source tracing, spatiotemporal correlation, and outbreak prediction. To summarize the pattern of SO and estimate observational epidemiological indicators, 1,134 qualitative reports screened from 1949 to 2023 were included in the systematic review dataset, which contained a 506-study meta-analysis dataset. In addition to the dataset comprising over 50 columns with a total of 46,494 entries eligible for inclusion in systematic reviews or input into prediction models, we also provide initial literature collection datasets and datasets containing socio-economic and climate information for relevant regions. This study has a broad impact on advancing knowledge regarding epidemic trends and prevention priorities in diverse salmonellosis outbreaks and guiding rational policy-making or predictive modeling to mitigate the infringement upon the right to life imposed by significant epidemics

Comparison of tumor volume reduction in TNBC patients between positive expression of iNOS and negative expression of iNOS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

<p>Comparison of tumor volume reduction in TNBC patients between positive expression of iNOS and negative expression of iNOS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.</p

Comparison of tumor volume reduction in TNBC patients between iNOS expression decreased group and iNOS expression increased and positively remained unchanged group after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

<p>Asterisk indicates p<0.01.</p

The presence of DETA NONOate reverse the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on MDA-MB-231 cells.

<p>Asterisk indicates p<0.01.</p

Western blot demonstration of increase nitrotyrosine levels in MDA-MB-231 cells after treatmented with NO donor.

<p>Western blot demonstration of increase nitrotyrosine levels in MDA-MB-231 cells after treatmented with NO donor.</p

Analysis of iNOS protein levels in TNBC patients by immunoblotting.

<p>Analysis of iNOS protein levels in TNBC patients by immunoblotting.</p