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Superhard Phases of Simple Substances and Binary Compounds of the B-C-N-O System: from Diamond to the Latest Results (a Review)

The basic known and hypothetic one- and two-element phases of the B-C-N-O system (both superhard phases having diamond and boron structures and precursors to synthesize them) are described. The attention has been given to the structure, basic mechanical properties, and methods to identify and characterize the materials. For some phases that have been recently described in the literature the synthesis conditions at high pressures and temperatures are indicated.Comment: Review on superhard B-C-N-O phase

Fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom driven by a multiple modulated field

We investigate the fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom driven by a multiple amplitude-modulated field. The driving held is modeled as a polychromatic field composed of a strong central (resonant) component and a large number of symmetrically detuned sideband fields displaced from the central component by integer multiples of a constant detuning. Spectra obtained here differ qualitatively from those observed for a single pair of modulating fields [B. Blind, P.R. Fontana, and P. Thomann, J. Phys. B 13, 2717 (1980)]. In the case of a small number of the modulating fields, a multipeaked spectrum is obtained with the spectral features located at fixed frequencies that are independent of the number of modulating fields and their Rabi frequencies. As the number of the modulating fields increases, the spectrum ultimately evolves to the well-known Mellow triplet with the sidebands shifted from the central component by an effective Rabi frequency whose magnitude depends on the initial relative phases of the components of the driving held. For equal relative phases, the effective Rabi frequency of the driving field can be reduced to zero resulting in the disappearance of fluorescence spectrum, i.e., the atom can stop interacting with the field. When the central component and the modulating fields are 180 degrees out of phase, the spectrum retains its triplet structure with the sidebands located at frequencies equal to the sum of the Rabi frequencies of the component of the driving field. Moreover, we shaw that the frequency of spontaneous emission can be controlled and switched from one frequency to another when the Rabi frequency or initial phase of the modulating fields are varied

AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH TO SOLVING POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH QUANTUM CIRCUITS 1

In this paper we present two algorithms for reducing systems of multivariate polynomial equations over theˇniteˇeld F2 to the canonical triangular form called lexicographical Gré obner basis. This triangular form is the most appropriate forˇnding solutions of the system. On the other hand, the system of polynomials over F2 whose variables also take values in F2 (Boolean polynomials) completely describes the unitary matrix generated by a quantum circuit. In particular, the matrix itself can be computed by counting the number of solutions (roots) of the associated polynomial system. Thereby, efˇcient construction of the lexicographical Gré obner bases over F2 associated with quantum circuits gives a method for computing their circuit matrices that is alternative to the direct numerical method based on linear algebra. We compare our implementation of both algorithms with some other software packages available for computing Gré obner bases over F2

Visualization of spherical objects by reflection acoustic microscope

An expression for the output signal of a reflection acoustic microscope corresponding to a spherical object is presented in this paper as spherical function expansion. The character of the image is shown to depend on the focal plane position with respect to spherical objects center. The size of spherical objects image is smaller than a real particle dimension at any focal plane position. Experimental data agree with the theory