Prevalence of Haemoptysis in PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients with Sars Covid-2 Pneumonia

Covid-19 belongs to the group of corona viruses, morphologically shaped as crown with spikes at the rim, the viral spikes being made up of protein S1 and S2. Apart from the ability of SARS Covid-2 (Covid-19) to induce massive inflammation in the lungs of infected patients, an additional compounding factor that accompanies the cytokine storm is thrombo-embolic phenomenon which has been demonstrated in a number of autopsies/ Haemoptysis as a symptom is considered outcome at an outcome of the clotting and haemorrhagic phenomenon. The aim of this work is to establish the prevalence of haemoptysis in covid-19 pneumonia as a possible consequence of the combined damaging effect of cytokine storm and the thrombo-embolic phenomenon. One hundred and twenty Covid-19 patients were selected through record after obtaining ethical clearance/ In no particular order and sticking only to random sampling, study group were picked from northeast, northwest and north central geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Medical record of each is sorted by by care givers to specifically evaluate the presence of the symptom of  haemoptysis at the latter and recovery stage after the sneezing, anosmia and itchy throat early stage and all through the stage  where there is cough and deep retrosternal pain in response to the cough with accompanying difficulty in breathing. The result indicates the presence of haemoptysis in 10% of PCR Covid-19 confirmed cases of pneumonia. Keywords: PCR, Covid-19, SARS Covid-2, Pneumonia, Haemoptysis, DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-02 Publication date:June 30th 2021

Agglutination Enhancing Effect of Semen on Pre-Treated Erythrocyte Rhesus D Agglutinogen in Human

Human semen serves as fluids medium in which sperm cells are dispersed and swim within. Semen contains about 90% water along with proteins that include Immunoglobulin-A (IgA), Haptoglobin, fructose sugar, other dissolved substances and electrolyte. Apart from preserving the sperm cells, semen may carry certain immunological feature as part of its protective functions. From a male partner in coital activity, semen’s cellular component and proteins deposited into the vagina do not antigenically qualify as ‘self’. This is a study to determine a possible agglutination resistant effect of semen on various types of ABO and Rhesus blood group members or agglutination enhancing effect of the same ABO and Rhesus group members. Keywords: Rhesus, ABO, Blood  Group Agglutination  Semen Haptoglobin. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/71-01 Publication date:June 30th 2021

Lower Pitch Voice Produce by Effort Sound in Previously Uvulectomized Children

The palatine uvula is conic projection composing of soft connective tissue which has a number of racemose glands. It hangs from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate of the roof of the mouth. It has circular muscle fibres at its base and helps in closing the nasopharynx during deglutition. Copious secretion from the uvula helps moisten the larynx and vocal cord to maintain quality speech. In the Hausas’ culture in Northern Nigeria, the uvula is highly demonized and blamed for a lot of health problems and risk of death and so all infants must ‘proactively’ undergo uvulectomy on the 7th day after birth, with few exceptions.  This study aims at evaluating the effect of uvulectomy on pitch quality of effort sounds of young children between 2 to 11 years of age. Eighty subjects were divided into two groups of 40 uvulectomized and 40 non-uvulectomized children which were further subdivided into various age ranges of equal mix of male and female. Audio frequency analyzer software is used to conduct the test and the result shows a reduction in frequency of the sounds produced by uvulectomized subjects, p<0.05. Uvulectomy does affect the quality of sound produced in children giving a significant lower pitch quality. Keywords: Uvula, Uvulectomy, Effort Sound, Frequency, Pitch DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-01 Publication date:June 30th 202