13,273 research outputs found
Report No. 3: Assessment of Possible Migration Pressure and its Labour Market Impact Following EU Enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe
Study for the Department for Education and Employment of the United Kingdom, Bonn 1999 (117 pages).
On the recombination in high-order harmonic generation in molecules
We show that the dependence of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) on the
molecular orientation can be understood within a theoretical treatment that
does not involve the strong field of the laser. The results for H_2 show
excellent agreement with time-dependent strong field calculations for model
molecules, and this motivates a prediction for the orientation dependence of
HHG from the N_2 3s_g valence orbital. For both molecules, we find that the
polarization of recombination photons is influenced by the molecular
orientation. The variations are particularly pronounced for the N_2 valence
orbital, which can be explained by the presence of atomic p-orbitals.Comment: 6 pages 7 figure
Conversion efficiency and luminosity for gamma-proton colliders based on the LHC-CLIC or LHC-ILC QCD Explorer scheme
Gamma-proton collisions allow unprecedented investigations of the low x and
high regions in quantum chromodynamics. In this paper, we investigate
the luminosity for "ILC"LHC ( TeV) and
"CLIC"LHC ( TeV) based colliders. Also
we determine the laser properties required for high conversion efficiency.Comment: 16, 6 figure
Occupational Mobility of Ethnic Migrants
This paper studies occupational mobility of ethnic German migrants who have entered
Germany since 1984. The empirical analysis suggests significant differences in the
probability of downward occupational mobility by gender, immigration status, and schooling
levels. In general, migrants with higher skill levels face sharper deteriorations in their relative
labor market position at the time of immigration, but are also able to reach their original
occupational status much faster than low-skilled immigrants
Immigration Policy in Integrated National Economies
Migration is an unavoidable aspect of globalization. While full flexibility is politically unfeasible,
the paper argues for regulated openness. Migration in the age of globalization should be judged
according to the labor market needs of the receiving countries. This would also serve best the
demands of political leaders that seek reelection. Voters are happier with migrants if they are
largely selected according to their value to the economy. In the current situation in developed
countries it is best to select skilled migrants, and those who can produce non-tradable services.
The need to import skilled labor might be limited by virtual migration through the Internet
Overtime Work and Overtime Compensation in Germany
Sharing the available stock of work more fairly is a popular concern in the public policy
debate. One policy proposal is to reduce overtime work in order to allow the employment of
more people. This paper suggests that such a concept faces major problems. Using
Germany as a case study, it is shown that the group of workers with the highest risks of
becoming unemployed, namely the unskilled, also exhibit low levels of overtime work. Those
who work overtime, namely the skilled, face excess demand on the labour market. Since
skilled and unskilled workers are largely complements in production, a general reduction in
overtime will lead to less production and hence also to a decline in the level of unskilled
employment. The paper provides empirical support for this line of argument. It is also shown
that paid overtime work has lost relative importance over time
Beam-beam studies for the High-Energy LHC
LHC upgrades are being considered both towards higher luminosity (HL-LHC) and
towards higher energy (HE-LHC). In this paper we report initial studies of the
beam-beam effects in the HE-LHC [1]. The HE-LHC aims at beam energies of 16.5
TeV, where the transverse emittance decreases due to synchrotron radiation with
a 2-hour damping time. As a result of this emittance, shrinkage the beam-beam
parameter increases with time, during a physics store. The beam-beam limit in
the HE-LHC is explored using computer simulations.Comment: 6 pages, contribution to the EuCARD-AccNet-EuroLumi Workshop: The
High-Energy Large Hadron Collider, Malta, 14 -- 16 Oct 201
Ăśberstundenarbeit und Ăśberstundenkompensation in Deutschland
Im Rahmen der Diskussion zur Lösung des deutschen Beschäftigungsproblems wird als potentieller Lösungsweg die Umverteilung des bestehenden Bestandes an Arbeit gefordert. Erst kürzlich wurde wieder die Verringerung von Überstunden durch die Bundesanstalt für Arbeit und im Rahmen der Gespräche zum „Bündnis für Arbeit" thematisiert. Kann eine derartige Politik zu einer signifikanten Verringerung der Arbeitslosigkeit führen? Oder gibt es auch Mechanismen, die das Gegenteil befürchten lassen? --
Provenance for SPARQL queries
Determining trust of data available in the Semantic Web is fundamental for
applications and users, in particular for linked open data obtained from SPARQL
endpoints. There exist several proposals in the literature to annotate SPARQL
query results with values from abstract models, adapting the seminal works on
provenance for annotated relational databases. We provide an approach capable
of providing provenance information for a large and significant fragment of
SPARQL 1.1, including for the first time the major non-monotonic constructs
under multiset semantics. The approach is based on the translation of SPARQL
into relational queries over annotated relations with values of the most
general m-semiring, and in this way also refuting a claim in the literature
that the OPTIONAL construct of SPARQL cannot be captured appropriately with the
known abstract models.Comment: 22 pages, extended version of the ISWC 2012 paper including proof
- …