6 research outputs found
Sex-Specific Phenotypic Plasticity as a Complex Reaction of Human Organism to Different Environmental Conditions
Complex anthropological investigations of modern students were carried out in the three big cities of the Russian Federation (Samara, Arkhangelsk, Saransk), as well as in the villages of Mordovia. The program of morphofunctional investigation included body characteristics, body mass components (evaluated with the bioelectrical impedance analyzer βMedass-1β), physiological characteristics of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, right hand grip strength (dynamometry). To evaluate the level of sexual dimorphism, coefficient of sexual dimorphism (CSD) was used in this study. The total number of the studied subjects was 476 young women and 375 young men, from 17 to 23 years old. The results of ANOVA analyses show the presence of non-random variations for the majority of studied characteristics in the examined groups. On this basis, it is possible to consider that different environmental conditions exert significant influence on human organism, which is the core of the adaptation process. The largest distance separates the groups from the city of Saransk and Mordovian villages. It shows that the impact of social and environmental factors for rural and urban inhabitants is much larger as compared to ecological ones, e.g., latitude of the location. Comparison of the CSD values in all groups showed that the degree of adaptation potentials is considerably different in males and females for many characteristics. Thus, for body mass components, characteristics of respiratory system, height and BMI, males are more sensitive to environmental influences. For the cardiovascular system traits, the degree of fat tissue development and body mass, the strength of adaptation changes is practically equal in men and women, with slight advantages in men
Model-Based Analysis of Changes in the Morphological Characteristics of Moscow Students for the Last Two Decades
The aim of the paper is to develop a model of changes in morphological characteristics of young males and females body structure at the beginning of the 21st century. For this purpose the results of Moscow studentsβ annual screenings from 2000 to 2018 were analyzed (total number of 17β18-year-olds β 6,433 individuals). As a result, five factors describing the trends of changes were revealed and further analysis demonstrated variants of their values over time. An original model was developed, which reflected real morphological transformations in the body parameters of the young generation for the last 20 years. For both sex groups a trend towards macrosomia (gr. macros β big, soma- body) was revealed. For the boys some increase in linear traits was found with a decrease in muscularity. In girls, parabolic association between athletic characteristics and the year of investigation was found: the decrease in muscularity for the first decade, and its increase for the second one
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°
The current development of medicine and the results of recent large-scale academic research in pediatrics provide the convincing conclusions that the formation of human health begins in the antenatal period of ontogenesis and continues throughout the infancy. The ideas and subsequent academic research on the influence of nutrition during the first thousand days of life on the programming of metabolism and the development of some chronic somatic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease have become widespread. In addition, at the same period of life immune abnormalities with a predominance of one of the subpopulations, Th1 or Th2, can possibly form in children at risk of developing allergies when immune response is developing. The predominance of the Th2 cytokine profile (hyperproduction of interleukins 4, 5, 13, etc.) suggests the possibility of stable formation of the atopic status in a child afterwards. Consequently, the application of academic knowledge on the health status programming by nutrition during early ontogenesis is an important tool in preventive pediatric practice.Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°. Π¨ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ, ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ β Th1 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Th2. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Th2 (Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² 4, 5, 13 ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ’.Π. Π’ΡΡΡΠΈ, Π.Π. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΠ Β«ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π‘Β».Π.Π. ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Β«ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ·Π΅Ρ ΠΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ».ΠΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²
Sex-Specific Phenotypic Plasticity as a Complex Reaction of Human Organism to Different Environmental Conditions
Complex anthropological investigations of modern students were carried out in the three big cities of the Russian Federation (Samara, Arkhangelsk, Saransk), as well as in the villages of Mordovia. The program of morphofunctional investigation included body characteristics, body mass components (evaluated with the bioelectrical impedance analyzer βMedass-1β), physiological characteristics of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, right hand grip strength (dynamometry). To evaluate the level of sexual dimorphism, coefficient of sexual dimorphism (CSD) was used in this study. The total number of the studied subjects was 476 young women and 375 young men, from 17 to 23 years old. The results of ANOVA analyses show the presence of non-random variations for the majority of studied characteristics in the examined groups. On this basis, it is possible to consider that different environmental conditions exert significant influence on human organism, which is the core of the adaptation process. The largest distance separates the groups from the city of Saransk and Mordovian villages. It shows that the impact of social and environmental factors for rural and urban inhabitants is much larger as compared to ecological ones, e.g., latitude of the location. Comparison of the CSD values in all groups showed that the degree of adaptation potentials is considerably different in males and females for many characteristics. Thus, for body mass components, characteristics of respiratory system, height and BMI, males are more sensitive to environmental influences. For the cardiovascular system traits, the degree of fat tissue development and body mass, the strength of adaptation changes is practically equal in men and women, with slight advantages in men
Implication of Modern Complementary Foods in Critical Period for Child Health Programming
The current development of medicine and the results of recent large-scale academic research in pediatrics provide the convincing conclusions that the formation of human health begins in the antenatal period of ontogenesis and continues throughout the infancy. The ideas and subsequent academic research on the influence of nutrition during the first thousand days of life on the programming of metabolism and the development of some chronic somatic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease have become widespread. In addition, at the same period of life immune abnormalities with a predominance of one of the subpopulations, Th1 or Th2, can possibly form in children at risk of developing allergies when immune response is developing. The predominance of the Th2 cytokine profile (hyperproduction of interleukins 4, 5, 13, etc.) suggests the possibility of stable formation of the atopic status in a child afterwards. Consequently, the application of academic knowledge on the health status programming by nutrition during early ontogenesis is an important tool in preventive pediatric practice