The Open Anchoring Quest Dataset: Anchored Estimates from 96 Studies on Anchoring Effects

People’s estimates are biased toward previously considered numbers (anchoring). We have aggregated all available data from anchoring studies that included at least two anchors into one large dataset. Data were standardized to comprise one estimate per row, coded according to a wide range of variables, and are available for download and analyses online (https://metaanalyses.shinyapps.io/OpAQ/). Because the dataset includes both original and meta-data it allows for fine-grained analyses (e.g., correlations of estimates for different tasks) but also for meta-analyses (e.g., effect sizes for anchoring effects)

Cues and processes underlying metamemory

The target of this thesis is to investigate when and why metamemory is accurate or inaccurate. It does so by building on previous findings showing that we do not have direct access to our own memory but infer its state using different cues and heuristics. In line with this reasoning, this thesis uncovers visual coherence and outcome knowledge as two cues that people use when making predictions of future memory performance (judgments of learning, JOLs). It also shows that visual coherence is a valid cue as it aligns JOLs with memory performance, whereas outcome knowledge biases the recollection of JOLs towards the outcome of the memory test, leading to hindsight bias on JOLs. The current thesis further tests the contributions of experience-based, automatic processes and theory-based, controlled processes to the visual coherence effect and hindsight bias on JOLs. With that, this dissertation aims at advancing our understanding of people’s metamemory