Full-color-tunable phosphorescence of antimony-doped lead halide single crystal

Abstract Although multiple emissive phosphors are of great fundamental interest and practical importance, it is still challenging to achieve full-color tunable luminescence in a single-component material. Herein, we present an antimony-doped lead halide single crystal (C10NH22)2PbBr4: Sb3+ with widely tunable red/green/blue/white luminescence. Extrinsic Sb3+ dopants provide host another active sites to capture photo-generated excitons, thus triggering blue/red dual emission. Moreover, a reversible thermal-induced phase transition transforms blue/red emission into green/red dual emission. Both two phases exhibit intriguing excitation-wavelength dependent emission, affording a whole color gamut covering the red-green-blue (RGB) color triangle on the CIE 1931 diagram. Experimental and theoretical calculation studies reveal two emitters work independently, which paves the way for the multimode optical control and promotes the development of multifunctional luminescent materials

Low-carbon optimal scheduling of park-integrated energy system based on bidirectional Stackelberg-Nash game theory

Multi-stakeholder participation is crucial in facilitating the development of park-integrated energy systems (PIES). Balancing the diverse interests of various stakeholders, each with its distinct requirements presents a notable challenge. Concurrently, the model's complexity increases due to the engagement of various stakeholders, posing challenges to its resolution through traditional methods. In this context, this paper aims to investigate an optimal scheduling model that incorporates shared energy storage (SES) system, microgrids operator (MGO), electric vehicles station (EVS), and user aggregator (UA) with multiple prosumers. To comprehensively address the interests of all stakeholders, this study introduces a tri-level optimization model. The proposed model integrates a bidirectional Stackelberg-Nash game framework, in which the SES acts as the leader, the MGO acts as the secondary leader, and the UA-EVS acts as the followers while allocating benefits based on the asymmetric Nash bargaining theory. The Stackelberg game model between MGO and UA-EVS is analyzed using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition, while the Stackelberg game model between SES and MGO is resolved using the bisection method. Meanwhile, the Nash bargaining method among users is solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) technique. The analysis indicates that the proposed strategy can reduce PIES's costs and carbon emissions, yielding a win-win situation for all stakeholders

Effects of Flow Spillage Strategies on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Diverterless Hypersonic Inlets

This paper compares the aerodynamic characteristics of a central-spillage diverterless hypersonic inlet (i.e., bump inlet, Form 1) with a side-spillage inlet (Form 2) under on/off design conditions when faced with non-uniform inflow. Both forms are designed for a flight Mach number of 6.0 and a cruise altitude of 24.0 km. Numerical methods are introduced and validated. Integrated design results indicate that based on identical contraction ratios, Form 2 is 27.8% lower in height, 28.3% shorter in length, and 34.4% smaller in the windward projection area than Form 1. This provides the evidence that the side-spillage strategy will suppress the external drag less. Then, the aerodynamic performance is investigated under various upstream/downstream boundary conditions (inflow speed range: Mach 2.0~6.0; backpressure fluctuation range: 1~110.0 times the freestream static pressure). The evaluation methods for non-uniform flow fields are first introduced in this paper. Form 2 has a relatively stronger shock system, which allows it to suppress 4.52% more of the pressure fluctuation from the downstream combustion chamber than Form 1. The inlet start margin is widened by approximately 250% due to the self-adaptive flow spillage ability established by the side-spillage strategy. Furthermore, the compression efficiency, internal shock system, spillage ability, etc., are analyzed in detail. In summary, the side-spillage flow organization strategy has better potential for designing wide-ranging air-breathing flight vehicles

Effects of Flow Spillage Strategies on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Diverterless Hypersonic Inlets

This paper compares the aerodynamic characteristics of a central-spillage diverterless hypersonic inlet (i.e., bump inlet, Form 1) with a side-spillage inlet (Form 2) under on/off design conditions when faced with non-uniform inflow. Both forms are designed for a flight Mach number of 6.0 and a cruise altitude of 24.0 km. Numerical methods are introduced and validated. Integrated design results indicate that based on identical contraction ratios, Form 2 is 27.8% lower in height, 28.3% shorter in length, and 34.4% smaller in the windward projection area than Form 1. This provides the evidence that the side-spillage strategy will suppress the external drag less. Then, the aerodynamic performance is investigated under various upstream/downstream boundary conditions (inflow speed range: Mach 2.0~6.0; backpressure fluctuation range: 1~110.0 times the freestream static pressure). The evaluation methods for non-uniform flow fields are first introduced in this paper. Form 2 has a relatively stronger shock system, which allows it to suppress 4.52% more of the pressure fluctuation from the downstream combustion chamber than Form 1. The inlet start margin is widened by approximately 250% due to the self-adaptive flow spillage ability established by the side-spillage strategy. Furthermore, the compression efficiency, internal shock system, spillage ability, etc., are analyzed in detail. In summary, the side-spillage flow organization strategy has better potential for designing wide-ranging air-breathing flight vehicles

Molten-salt-mediated synthesis of Na+ doped Bi4TaO8Cl nanosheets with exposed {001} facets for enhanced photocatalytic degradation

Regulating the exposed surfaces of semiconductors is believed to be a versatile strategy to boost their photoactivity. Herein, the Na+ doped Bi4TaO8Cl (BTOC) nanosheets with the exposed {001} active faces were synthesized via a facile molten salt method. The size of BTOC nanosheets could be readily tuned by con-trolling the feeding content of the molten salts (NaCl and KCl). Benefited from the cooperative effect of the Na+ doping and the exposed active {001} facets, the optimal BTOC-24 nanosheets exhibited high photo activity. Under 5 W white LED light irradiation, the degradation rates of BTOC-24 nanosheets for ofloxacin (OFL) and Rhodamine B (RhB) were 84.1% and 97.3%, which were drastically enhanced by 2 and 6-folds than that of bulk BTOC, respectively. The mechanism for the improved photoactivity was also investigated. This work demonstrates the synergetic effect of engineering the thickness and exposed crystal face towards the enhanced photoactivity of 2D BTOC, which also shows significant implications for designing other 2D semiconductor nanosheet with efficient environmental remediation performance. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Molten-salt-mediated synthesis of Na+ doped Bi4TaO8Cl nanosheets with exposed {001} facets for enhanced photocatalytic degradation

Regulating the exposed surfaces of semiconductors is believed to be a versatile strategy to boost their photoactivity. Herein, the Na+ doped Bi4TaO8Cl (BTOC) nanosheets with the exposed {001} active faces were synthesized via a facile molten salt method. The size of BTOC nanosheets could be readily tuned by con-trolling the feeding content of the molten salts (NaCl and KCl). Benefited from the cooperative effect of the Na+ doping and the exposed active {001} facets, the optimal BTOC-24 nanosheets exhibited high photo activity. Under 5 W white LED light irradiation, the degradation rates of BTOC-24 nanosheets for ofloxacin (OFL) and Rhodamine B (RhB) were 84.1% and 97.3%, which were drastically enhanced by 2 and 6-folds than that of bulk BTOC, respectively. The mechanism for the improved photoactivity was also investigated. This work demonstrates the synergetic effect of engineering the thickness and exposed crystal face towards the enhanced photoactivity of 2D BTOC, which also shows significant implications for designing other 2D semiconductor nanosheet with efficient environmental remediation performance. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Suitable hepatitis B vaccine for adult immunization in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains an important public health problem in China, and adults need to be vaccinated. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the appropriate immunization of adults in China. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible, and seroprotection was defined as anti-HBs≥ 10 mIU/ml; 18,308 participants in 27 studies were included. Relative risk (RR) and random effects models were used. Twenty micrograms of HBV vaccine resulted in a better response than 10 μg (RR: 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02 to 1.08), and the 0-, 1-, and 6-month schedule was more effective than the 0-, 1-, and 2 – or 3-month schedule (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.00). No significant differences were observed between 10 μg and 5 μg (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.01); (yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccines) YDV and recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine (RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.04); domestic and imported (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.05); or 0-, 1-, and 6-month and 0-, 1-, and 12-month schedules (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.08). In conclusion, 20 μg of vaccine is recommended for adults in China, and the 0-, 1-, and 12-month immunization program schedule is also worth choosing when it is not possible to complete the 0-, 1-, and 6-month schedule

The effects of booster vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine on children 5–15 years after primary immunization: A 5-year follow-up study

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in hepatitis B surface antibody titers (anti-HBs) after booster vaccinations in children aged 5–15 y and to provide suitable immunization strategies. A total of 2208 children were initially enrolled in screening, and 559 children were finally included. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to their pre-booster anti-HBs levels: Group I, <10 mIU/ml and Group II, ≥10 mIU/ml. Group I was administered 3 doses of booster hepatitis B vaccine (0-1-6 months, 10 μg), and Group II was administered 1 dose of booster hepatitis B vaccine (10 μg). The antibody titer changes were examined at 4 time points: 1 month after dose 1 and dose 3, and 1 year and 5 years after dose 3. The protective seroconversion rates at those points were 95.65%, 99.67%, 97.59% and 91.05% (p < 0.001), respectively, in Group I, and 100.00%, 99.87%, 99.66% and 98.21% (χ2 = 6.04, p = 0.11), respectively, in Group II. The GMT in subjects aged 5–9 y were higher than that in subjects aged 10–15 y in both Group I and Group II at 1 month after dose 1, but no difference was observed at the other three time points. This study demonstrates that booster vaccination has a good medium-term effect. A booster dose for subjects with protective antibodies is not necessary but effective, and 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccination are recommended for those who have lost immunological memory. Receiving booster immunization at the age of 10-15 years may be more appropriate for individuals living in HBV high epidemic area