Исследование обогатимости вмещающих пород базальтового месторождения методом отсадки

У роботі представлено результати лабораторних досліджень збагачуваності складників порід базальтового родовища у вигляді базальту, туфу та лавобрекчії методом відсадки. Одержано середні цифри з виходу важких фракцій.In work the results of laboratory researches concentration of making breeds of a basalt deposit as basalt, tuff and lavabreccia by a method thickening are accounted. The average figures on an output of heavy fractions are received

Accurate differentiation between physiological and pathological ripples recorded with scalp-EEG

OBJECTIVE: To compare scalp-EEG recorded physiological ripples co-occurring with vertex waves to pathological ripples co-occurring with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). METHODS: We marked ripples in sleep EEGs of children. We compared the start of ripples to vertex wave- or IED-start, and duration, frequency, and root mean square (RMS) amplitude of physiological and pathological ripples using multilevel modeling. Ripples were classified as physiological or pathological using linear discriminant analysis. RESULTS: We included 40 children with and without epilepsy. Ripples started (χ2(1) = 38.59, p < 0.001) later if they co-occurred with vertex waves (108.2 ms after vertex wave-start) than if they co-occurred with IEDs (4.3 ms after IED-start). Physiological ripples had longer durations (75.7 ms vs 53.0 ms), lower frequencies (98.3 Hz vs 130.6 Hz), and lower RMS amplitudes (0.9 μV vs 1.8 μV, all p < 0.001) than pathological ripples. Ripples could be classified as physiological or pathological with 98 % accuracy. Ripples recorded in children with idiopathic or symptomatic epilepsy seemed to form two subgroups of pathological ripples. CONCLUSIONS: Ripples co-occurring with vertex waves or IEDs have different characteristics and can be differentiated as physiological or pathological with high accuracy. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study that compares physiological and pathological ripples recorded with scalp EEG

The spatial relationship between the MRI lesion and intraoperative electrocorticography in focal epilepsy surgery.

MRI and intraoperative electrocorticography are often used in tandem to delineate epileptogenic tissue in resective surgery for focal epilepsy. Both the resection of the MRI lesion and tissue with high rates of electrographic discharges on electrocorticography, e.g. spikes and high-frequency oscillations (80-500 Hz), lead to a better surgical outcome. How MRI and electrographic markers are related, however, is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to find the spatial relationship between MRI lesions and spikes/high-frequency oscillations. We retrospectively included 33 paediatric and adult patients with lesional neocortical epilepsy who underwent electrocorticography-tailored surgery (14 females, median age = 13.4 years, range = 0.6-47.0 years). Mesiotemporal lesions were excluded. We used univariable linear regression to find correlations between pre-resection spike/high-frequency oscillation rates on an electrode and its distance to the MRI lesion. We tested straight lines to the centre and the edge of the MRI lesion, and the distance along the cortical surface to determine which of these distances best reflects the occurrence of spikes/high-frequency oscillations. We conducted a moderator analysis to investigate the influence of the underlying pathology type and lesion volume on our results. We found spike and high-frequency oscillation rates to be spatially linked to the edge of the MRI lesion. The underlying pathology type influenced the spatial relationship between spike/high-frequency oscillation rates and the MRI lesion (P spikes < 0.0001, P ripples < 0.0001), while the lesion volume did not (P spikes = 0.64, P ripples = 0.89). A higher spike rate was associated with a shorter distance to the edge of the lesion for cavernomas [F(1,64) = -1.37, P < 0.0001, η 2 = 0.22], focal cortical dysplasias [F(1,570) = -0.25, P < 0.0001, η 2 = 0.05] and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas [F(1,66) = -0.18, P = 0.01, η 2 = 0.09]. In focal cortical dysplasias, a higher ripple rate was associated with a shorter distance [F(1,570) = -0.35, P < 0.0001, η 2 = 0.05]. Conversely, low-grade gliomas showed a positive correlation; the further an electrode was away from the lesion, the higher the rate of spikes [F(1,75) = 0.65, P < 0.0001, η 2 = 0.37] and ripples [F(1,75) = 2.67, P < 0.0001, η 2 = 0.22]. Pathophysiological processes specific to certain pathology types determine the spatial relationship between the MRI lesion and electrocorticography results. In our analyses, non-tumourous lesions (focal cortical dysplasias and cavernomas) seemed to intrinsically generate spikes and high-frequency oscillations, particularly at the border of the lesion. This advocates for a resection of this tissue. Low-grade gliomas caused epileptogenicity in the peritumoural tissue. Whether a resection of this tissue leads to a better outcome is unclear. Our results suggest that the underlying pathology type should be considered when intraoperative electrocorticography is interpreted

Coping style and health-related quality of life in caregivers of epilepsy patients

Epilepsy has a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients and personal coping style is an important determinant. Less is known about home caregivers. This study investigates HRQOL and coping style of both patients and caregivers and their interaction. Epilepsy patients attending the outpatient clinic of the University Medical Centre in Utrecht and their caregivers were sent EQ5D and RAND-36 questionnaires. The Utrecht Coping List was used to chart personal coping styles. HRQOL scores of patients and caregivers were compared to the general Dutch population. The association between patient and caregiver HRQOL scores was calculated. A stepwise backward multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explain variances in caregiver HRQOL. Eighty-six couples (49%) returned all questionnaires. Caregiver HRQOL scores were comparable to the general Dutch population (EQ5D: 0.88–0.88; p = 0.90, RAND-36 MCS: −2 points; p = 0.16), while patients HRQOL scores were lower (EQ5D: 0.79; p < 0.01, RAND-36 MCS −10 points; p < 0.01). However, on several specific domains, associations between patient and caregiver HRQOL scores within couples were found. Passive coping style explained 50% of variation in HRQOL scores of caregivers. As a group, caregivers of epilepsy patients have normal HRQOL, but there are significant associations between patient and caregiver HRQOL scores. Improving caregiver HRQOL through interventions on coping style might benefit patients as well. Recognizing personal coping styles of both patient and caregiver should be part of a patient-oriented approach in treatment

Coping style and quality of life in patients with epilepsy: a cross-sectional study

Having epilepsy has a large impact on one's well-being, but often seizure frequency and severity do not explain self-reported quality of life. We hypothesized that one's personal coping style is more important. In this study, 105 patients attending the outpatient neurological clinic at the University Medical Centre in Utrecht, the Netherlands, with a diagnosis of partial epilepsy, aged 17–80 years, completed questionnaires. Demographic information, disease characteristics, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and coping styles were obtained by postal-validated HRQoL questionnaires: the EQ5D and RAND-36 and the Utrecht Coping List. A passive coping style explained 45% of the variance in the mental component of HRQoL and was more important than ‘objective’ seizure-related measures. Confounders such as employment, gender, and side-effects of treatment explained another 6%. Passive coping style also influenced the physical component of the HRQoL, but here seizure-related factors predominated. Overall, epilepsy patients showed a more avoiding coping style, and female patients a less active coping style and more reassuring thoughts, compared to the Dutch population. The personal coping style of patients appears to be more important than seizure-related measures in predicting mental aspects of quality of life. Coping style characteristics rather than disease characteristics should guide clinical decision-making in patients with epilepsy. Further studies should investigate the effect on HRQoL of behavioral interventions to improve coping

Changing concepts in presurgical assessment for epilepsy surgery

Candidates for epilepsy surgery must undergo presurgical evaluation to establish whether and how surgical treatment can stop seizures without causing neurological deficits. Various techniques, including MRI, PET, single-photon emission CT, video-EEG, magnetoencephalography and invasive EEG, aim to identify the diseased brain tissue and the involved network. Recent technical and methodological developments, encompassing both advances in existing techniques and new combinations of technologies, are enhancing the ability to define the optimal resection strategy. Multimodal interpretation and predictive computer models are expected to aid surgical planning and patient counselling, and multimodal intraoperative guidance is likely to increase surgical precision. In this Review, we discuss how the knowledge derived from these new approaches is challenging our way of thinking about surgery to stop focal seizures. In particular, we highlight the importance of looking beyond the EEG seizure onset zone and considering focal epilepsy as a brain network disease in which long-range connections need to be taken into account. We also explore how new diagnostic techniques are revealing essential information in the brain that was previously hidden from view