Additional file 2 of Effect of electrical impedance-guided PEEP in reducing pulmonary complications after craniotomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Additional file 2. Ethical Review Approval

Data_Sheet_1_Association between healthy eating index-2015 and abdominal aortic calcification among US Adults.docx

AimsTo evaluate the relationship of the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in US adults.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). AAC score was measured using the scoring system of Kauppila (AAC-24) and Schousboe (AAC-8). HEI-2015, which was used for evaluating compliance with Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), was calculated through two rounds of 24-h recall interviews. HEI-2015 was categorized as inadequate (0. Weighted multiple regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association of HEI-2015 with AAC score and the presence of AAC. Moreover, smooth curve fittings, based on a generalized additive model (GAM), were applied to evaluate a possible non-linear relationship. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to provide more supporting information.ResultsA total of 2,704 participants were included in the study (mean age, 57.61 ± 11.40 years; 51.78% were women). The mean score of HEI-2015 was 56.09 ± 13.40 (41.33 ± 6.28, 59.44 ± 5.54, and 76.90 ± 5.37 for inadequate, average, and optimal groups, respectively). After adjusting for covariates, higher HEI-2015 was associated with decreased AAC score (AAC-24: β = −0.121, 95% CI: −0.214, −0.028, P = 0.010; AAC-8: β= −0.054, 95% CI: −0.088, −0.019, P = 0.003) and lower risk of AAC (OR = 0.921, 95% CI: 0.855, 0.993, P = 0.031). Among the components of HEI-2015, a higher intake of fruits, greens, and beans was associated with a lower AAC score. Subgroup analysis showed that an inverse association of HEI-2015 with AAC score existed among different groups.ConclusionThe study presented that higher HEI-2015 was related to a lower AAC score and decreased risk of having AAC, indicating that greater compliance with 2015–2020 DGA, assessed by HEI-2015, might be beneficial for preventing vascular calcification and CVD among US adults.</p

Localized Fe(II)-Induced Cytotoxic Reactive Oxygen Species Generating Nanosystem for Enhanced Anticancer Therapy

The anticancer therapy on the basis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cellular apoptosis has achieved great progress. However, this kind of theraputic strategy still faces some challenges such as light, photosensitizer and oxygen (O₂) dependence. In this article, a ROS-mediated anticancer therapy independent of light, photosensitizer and oxygen was established based on a Fe²⁺-induced ROS-generating nanosystem. First, artemisinin (ART) was loaded in porous magnetic supraparticles (MSP) by a nanodeposition method. Then, the poly­(aspartic acid)-based polymer, which consisted of dopamine, indocyanine green, and polyethylene glycol side chain, was coated onto the surface of ART-loaded MSP. When the nanoparticles entered into cancer cells, a reaction of Fe²⁺-mediated cleavage of the endoperoxide bridge contained in ART occurred and subsequent a large amount of ROS was generated. Moreover, a NIR light was used to effectively increase the local temperature of tumor in virtue of the superior photothermal effects of MSP, which enabled us to accelerate the ROS generation and achieved an enhanced ROS yield. The newly developed nanodrug system displayed a high level of intracellular ROS generation, leading to the desired killing efficacy against malignant cells and solid tumor. This smart nanosystem holds great potential to overcome the existing barrier in PDT and opens a promising avenue for anticancer therapy

Catalytic <i>In Situ</i> Hydrogenation of Fatty Acids into Fatty Alcohols over Cu-Based Catalysts with Methanol in Hydrothermal Media

The catalytic hydrogenation of fatty acids has witnessed rapid development in recent years. However, the conventional hydrogenation process often requires high-pressure hydrogen. This paper describes a novel protocol to produce fatty alcohols via an <i>in situ</i> hydrogenation of fatty acids in water and methanol using Cu-based catalysts. Cu/ZrO₂, Cu/MgO, and Cu/Al₂O₃ were prepared by the co-precipitation method. All Cu-based catalysts exhibited excellent activity for <i>in situ</i> hydrogenation of fatty acids, and the stability of Cu/ZrO₂ was the best. The structures and properties of Cu-based catalysts are demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction, N₂ adsorption–desorption, CO temperature-programmed desorption, and CO₂ temperature-programmed desorption. The stability of Cu/ZrO₂ is caused by the good hydrothermal stability and tetragonal phase formation of ZrO₂, which strongly binds to active Cu. The better activity over Cu/Al₂O₃ is caused by the larger surface area, higher Cu dispersion, smaller Cu particle size, and stronger basicity of Cu/Al₂O₃. Furthermore, the effects of the reaction time, catalyst loading, methanol loading, carbon number, and types of hydrogen donor on <i>in situ</i> hydrogenation of the fatty acids were investigated to demonstrate the reaction behaviors

Residue Analysis of 60 Pesticides in Red Swamp Crayfish Using QuEChERS with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In this study, a multi-residue analytical method using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) cleanup, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS), was investigated for rapid determination of 60 pesticide residues in whole crayfish and crayfish meat. The final method used 10 mL of acetonitrile for extraction, 3 g of NaCl for partitioning, and 50 mg of primary secondary amine for d-SPE cleanup. The method was validated at three spiking levels (10, 50, and 100 ng/g) using triphenyl phosphate as an internal standard and both gradient and isocratic HPLC elution. Under gradient conditions, satisfactory recoveries (70–120%) and relative standard deviations of ≤20% were achieved for 83 and 88% of pesticides in whole crayfish and crayfish meat, respectively. Matrix effects were estimated using both gradient and isocratic HPLC elution. To our knowledge, this is the first study involving multi-residue analysis of HPLC-amenable pesticides in crayfish and mantis shrimp. The final method was successfully applied for analysis of 11 crayfish and mantis shrimp samples from markets in China, and propamocarb

Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Straw Roughage by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A multiresidue analytical method using a modification of the “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” (QuEChERS) sample preparation approach combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was established and validated for the rapid determination of 69 pesticides at different levels (1–100 ng/g) in wheat and rice straws. In the quantitative analysis, the recoveries ranged from 70 to 120%, and consistent RSDs ≤ 20% were achieved for most of the target analytes (53 pesticides in wheat straw and 58 in rice straw). Almost all of the analytes achieved good linearity with <i>R</i>² > 0.98, and the limit of validation levels (LVLs) for diverse pesticides ranged from 1 to 10 ng/g. Different extraction and cleanup conditions were evaluated in both types of straw, leading to different options. The use of 0.1% formic acid or not in extraction with acetonitrile yielded similar final outcomes, but led to the use of a different sorbent in dispersive solid-phase extraction. Both options are efficient and useful for the multiresidue analysis of targeted pesticides in wheat and rice straw samples

Role of Solvent in Catalytic Conversion of Oleic Acid to Aviation Biofuels

The role of solvents in the conversion of oleic acid over Pt/C was studied. Three solvent systems (solvent-free, water, and dodecane systems) were employed for the conversion of oleic acid over Pt/C at 350 °C. Decarboxylation, hydrogen transfer, and aromatization were observed in these three reaction systems. In comparison to the non-solvent reaction system, much slower decarboxylation and aromatization rates and fewer heptadecane and aromatic products were observed in the hydrothermal and dodecane reaction systems. The decarboxylation and aromatization rates and yields of heptadecane and aromatics decreased with increased dodecane loading in the dodecane reaction system, and the decarboxylation and aromatization rates and yields of heptadecane and aromatics significantly decreased with the increase of water in the hydrothermal reaction system. The effects of solvent loading, catalyst loading, and reaction time on the reactions (decarboxylation, hydrogen transfer, and aromatization) were investigated. The reaction behaviors of 1-heptadecene with different solvents were studied, and N₂ adsorption–desorption and thermogravimetric analysis of fresh and spent Pt/C in the three reaction systems were also performed. The results indicate that the competition of dodecane for the Pt/C active sites is mainly responsible for the slow decarboxylation and aromatization rates. In addition to the similar influencing factor to that in the dodecane system, H⁺ released from water and hydrogen bonding, which inhibited the ionization of carboxyl groups, was the key influencing factor for the slower decarboxylation and aromatization rates obtained under hydrothermal conditions

Table_6_Transcriptome analysis provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying pollen germination recovery at normal high ambient temperature in wild banana (Musa itinerans).xlsx

IntroductionCultivated banana are polyploid, with low pollen fertility, and most cultivars are male sterile, which leads to difficulties in banana breeding research. The selection of male parent with excellent resistance and pollen fertility is therefore essential for banana breeding. Wild banana (Musa itinerans) have developed many good characteristics during natural selection and constitute an excellent gene pool for breeding. Therefore, research on wild banana breeding is very important for banana breeding.ResultsIn the current analysis, we examined the changes in viability of wild banana pollens at different temperatures by in vitro germination, and found that the germination ability of wild banana pollens cultured at 28°C for 2 days was higher than that of pollens cultured at 23°C (pollens that could not germinate normally under low temperature stress), 24°C (cultured at a constant temperature for 2 days) and 32°C (cultured at a constant temperature for 2 days). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the germination restoration process in wild banana pollens, we selected the wild banana pollens that had lost its germination ability under low temperature stress (23°C) as the control group (CK) and the wild banana pollens that had recovered its germination ability under constant temperature incubation of 28°C for 2 days as the treatment group (T) for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 921 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in CK vs T, of which 265 were up-regulated and 656 were down-regulated. The combined analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that the activation, metabolism of various substances (lipids, sugars, amino acids) play a major role in restoring pollen germination capacity. TCA cycle and the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways were also significantly enriched in the KEGG pathway. And we found that some DEGs may be associated with pollen wall formation, DNA methylation and DNA repair. The cysteine content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, H2O2 content, fructose content, and sucrose content of pollen were increased at treatment of 28°C, while D-Golactose content was decreased. Finally, the GO pathway was enriched for a total of 24 DEGs related to pollen germination, of which 16 DEGs received targeted regulation by 14 MYBs.DiscussionsOur study suggests that the balance between various metabolic processes, pollen wall remodelling, DNA methylation, DNA repairs and regulation of MYBs are essential for germination of wild banana pollens.</p

DataSheet_1_Transcriptome analysis provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying pollen germination recovery at normal high ambient temperature in wild banana (Musa itinerans).docx

IntroductionCultivated banana are polyploid, with low pollen fertility, and most cultivars are male sterile, which leads to difficulties in banana breeding research. The selection of male parent with excellent resistance and pollen fertility is therefore essential for banana breeding. Wild banana (Musa itinerans) have developed many good characteristics during natural selection and constitute an excellent gene pool for breeding. Therefore, research on wild banana breeding is very important for banana breeding.ResultsIn the current analysis, we examined the changes in viability of wild banana pollens at different temperatures by in vitro germination, and found that the germination ability of wild banana pollens cultured at 28°C for 2 days was higher than that of pollens cultured at 23°C (pollens that could not germinate normally under low temperature stress), 24°C (cultured at a constant temperature for 2 days) and 32°C (cultured at a constant temperature for 2 days). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the germination restoration process in wild banana pollens, we selected the wild banana pollens that had lost its germination ability under low temperature stress (23°C) as the control group (CK) and the wild banana pollens that had recovered its germination ability under constant temperature incubation of 28°C for 2 days as the treatment group (T) for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 921 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in CK vs T, of which 265 were up-regulated and 656 were down-regulated. The combined analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that the activation, metabolism of various substances (lipids, sugars, amino acids) play a major role in restoring pollen germination capacity. TCA cycle and the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways were also significantly enriched in the KEGG pathway. And we found that some DEGs may be associated with pollen wall formation, DNA methylation and DNA repair. The cysteine content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, H2O2 content, fructose content, and sucrose content of pollen were increased at treatment of 28°C, while D-Golactose content was decreased. Finally, the GO pathway was enriched for a total of 24 DEGs related to pollen germination, of which 16 DEGs received targeted regulation by 14 MYBs.DiscussionsOur study suggests that the balance between various metabolic processes, pollen wall remodelling, DNA methylation, DNA repairs and regulation of MYBs are essential for germination of wild banana pollens.</p

Table_4_Transcriptome analysis provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying pollen germination recovery at normal high ambient temperature in wild banana (Musa itinerans).xlsx

IntroductionCultivated banana are polyploid, with low pollen fertility, and most cultivars are male sterile, which leads to difficulties in banana breeding research. The selection of male parent with excellent resistance and pollen fertility is therefore essential for banana breeding. Wild banana (Musa itinerans) have developed many good characteristics during natural selection and constitute an excellent gene pool for breeding. Therefore, research on wild banana breeding is very important for banana breeding.ResultsIn the current analysis, we examined the changes in viability of wild banana pollens at different temperatures by in vitro germination, and found that the germination ability of wild banana pollens cultured at 28°C for 2 days was higher than that of pollens cultured at 23°C (pollens that could not germinate normally under low temperature stress), 24°C (cultured at a constant temperature for 2 days) and 32°C (cultured at a constant temperature for 2 days). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the germination restoration process in wild banana pollens, we selected the wild banana pollens that had lost its germination ability under low temperature stress (23°C) as the control group (CK) and the wild banana pollens that had recovered its germination ability under constant temperature incubation of 28°C for 2 days as the treatment group (T) for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 921 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in CK vs T, of which 265 were up-regulated and 656 were down-regulated. The combined analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that the activation, metabolism of various substances (lipids, sugars, amino acids) play a major role in restoring pollen germination capacity. TCA cycle and the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways were also significantly enriched in the KEGG pathway. And we found that some DEGs may be associated with pollen wall formation, DNA methylation and DNA repair. The cysteine content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, H2O2 content, fructose content, and sucrose content of pollen were increased at treatment of 28°C, while D-Golactose content was decreased. Finally, the GO pathway was enriched for a total of 24 DEGs related to pollen germination, of which 16 DEGs received targeted regulation by 14 MYBs.DiscussionsOur study suggests that the balance between various metabolic processes, pollen wall remodelling, DNA methylation, DNA repairs and regulation of MYBs are essential for germination of wild banana pollens.</p