Laboratory findings of 26 H5N1 cases^* on initial testing, at hospital admission, and during hospitalization, China.

*<p>Indicates denominators for testing of fewer cases than full group.</p>†<p>Abbreviations and normal range: WBC, white blood cell, 4.0–10.0×10⁹ cells per L, leukopenia (abnormal) was defined as leukocyte count less than 4×10⁹ per L; LYM, lymphocyte count, 0.8–4.0×10⁹ cells per L, lymphopenia (abnormal) was defined as lymphocyte count less than 0.8×10⁹ per L; PLT, platelet count, 100–300×10⁹ platelets per L, thrombocytopenia (abnormal) was defined as platelet count less than 100×10⁹ per L.</p>‡<p>Abbreviations and normal range: ALT, alanine aminotrasferase, 0.0–45.0 U/L; AST, aspartate aminotransferase, 0–45 U/L; Albumin, 35.0–55.0g/L; Creatinine, 36.0–144.0 µmol/L; CK, creatine kinase, 25–190 U/L, abnormal was defined as >130 IU/L for males and >110 IU/L for females; CK-MB, creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes, 0–25 U/L; LDH, Lactic dehydrogenase, 110–250 U/L; Plasma glucose concentration, 3.33–5.55 mmol/L for <15 years, 3.89–5.83 mmol/L for adults (16–59 years), 4.44–6.38 mmol/L for age >60 years, hyperglycemia (abnormal) was defined as plasma glucose concentration above the upper limit.</p>#<p>Abbreviations and normal range: PT, prothrombin time, 11–13 second, abnormal was defined as 3 seconds longer than the upper range of normal; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time, 26–36 second, abnormal was defined as 3 seconds longer than the upper range of normal; FIB, fibrinogen, 2.0–4.0 g/L, abnormal was defined as <2.0 g/L.</p>§<p>Normal ranges: total protein (below 120 mg/L); red blood cells (0 to 1 per average high powered field [HPF×400)); white blood cells (1–4 per HPF×400)</p>¶¶<p>NA demotes not applicable.</p

Comparison of demographic and clinical features of 17 fatal and 9 nonfatal H5N1 cases, China.

*<p>Medians were compared between fatal and survival cases with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. For categorical variables, percentages of cases in each category were compared with Fisher's exact test.</p>†<p>NA demotes not applicable.</p>‡<p>Two fatal H5N1 cases had underlying medical conditions, including a 24-year-old pregnant woman <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002985#pone.0002985-Shu1" target="_blank">[28]</a> and a 16-year-old male with a 10-year history of minimal change glomerulopathy. Two surviving H5N1 cases had underlying medical conditions, including a 26-year-old pregnant woman and a 44-year-old female with a ten-year history of chronic bronchitis [unpublished data, China CDC].</p>#<p>A higher proportion of cases survived that received any antiviral treatment compared to those that did not receive antivirals (67% [8/12 patients] vs 7% [1/14 patients], p = 0.003), and with a positive linear association: the Gamma coefficient equals 0.664 (p = 0.005) which indicate a positive correlation between antiviral therapy and disease outcome.</p>$<p>High-dose corticosteroid use was defined as ≥250 mg hydrocortisone or equivalent intravenous (IV) administration daily. For children <13 years old, high-dose corticosteroid use was defined as ≥5 mg hydrocortisone or equivalent IV/kg/day.</p>¶<p>[]: Indicates denominators for testing of fewer cases than full group.</p

Initial chest radiographic findings and progression during hospitalization of 26 H5N1 cases, China.

*<p>NA demotes not applicable</p

Progression of pulmonary disease in chest radiographs from adult (35-year-old male, Panels A day 6 and B day 23 of illness) and pediatric (6-year-old male, Panels C day 6 and D day 14 of illness) H5N1 cases.

<p>Progression of pulmonary disease in chest radiographs from adult (35-year-old male, Panels A day 6 and B day 23 of illness) and pediatric (6-year-old male, Panels C day 6 and D day 14 of illness) H5N1 cases.</p