Anti-inflammatory properties of antidepressants (A review of experimental results)

The review presents comparative description of anti-inflammatory effects of antidepressants from various classes studied on carrageenan- and formalin-induced paw edema in rats. The role of the central and peripheral components in the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity and the drug effects on production of mediators and modulators of inflammation is discussed

The first ever Cochrane event in Russia and Russian speaking countries-Cochrane Russia Launch-Evidence-based medicine: Achievements and barriers (QiQUM 2015) International Conference, Kazan, December 7-8, 2015

© 2016-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.Kazan hosted Russia's second International Conference QiQUM 2015 on Cochrane evidence for health policy, which was entirely independent of the pharmaceutical or other health industry, bringing together 259 participants from 11 countries and 13 regions of the Russian Federation. The Conference was greeted and endorsed by world leaders in Evidence-based medicine, health and pharmaceutical information, policy and regulation, and the World Health Organization. Participants discussed the professional and social problems arising from biased health information, unethical pharmaceutical promotion, misleading reporting of clinical trials with consequent flaws in health care delivery and the role of Cochrane evidence for informed decisions and better health. The first in history Cochrane workshop, facilitated jointly by experts from Cochrane and the WHO, with 40 participants from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Russia introduced the concept of Cochrane systematic review and the Use of Cochrane evidence in WHO policy setting. Websites document conference materials and provide interface for future collaboration: http://kpfu.ru/biology-medicine/struktura-instituta/kafedry/kfikf/konferenciya/mezhdunarodnaya-konferenciya-39dokazatelnaya.html and http://Russia.cochrane.org/news/international-conference

Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke

BACKGROUND: Cerebrolysin is a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids derived from pigs' brain tissue, which has potential neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties. It is widely used in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke in Russia, China, and other Asian and post-Soviet countries. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and risks of Cerebrolysin for treating acute ischaemic stroke. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (October 2014), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (November 2014), MEDLINE (1966 to November 2014), EMBASE (1974 to November 2014), Web of Science Core Collection, with Science Citation Index (1940 to November 2014), LILACS (1982 to December 2014), OpenGrey (1980 to December 2014), and a number of Russian Databases (1998 to December 2014). We also searched reference lists, ongoing trials registers and conference proceedings, and contacted the manufacturer of Cerebrolysin, EVER Neuro Pharma GmbH (formerly Ebewe Pharma). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing Cerebrolysin started within 48 hours of stroke onset and continued for at least two weeks with placebo or no treatment in people with acute ischaemic stroke. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently applied inclusion criteria, assessed trial quality and risk of bias, and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: We included one trial involving 146 participants. We evaluated risk of bias and judged it to be high for generation of allocation sequence, low for allocation concealment, high for incomplete outcome data (attrition bias), unclear for blinding, high for selective reporting and high for other sources of bias. The manufacturer of Cerebrolysin, pharmaceutical company Ebewe, provided Cerebrolysin and the placebo, as well as the randomisation codes. There was no difference in the number of deaths (6/78 in Cerebrolysin group versus 6/68 in placebo group; risk ratio (RR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 to 2.58) or in the total number of adverse events (16.4% versus 10.3%; RR 1.62, 95% CI 0.69 to 3.82) between the treatment and control groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Routine administration of Cerebrolysin to people with acute ischaemic stroke cannot be supported by the available evidence from RCTs

Cerebrolysin for acute ischemic stroke

The review discusses existing evidence of benefits and risks of cerebrolysin - a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids derived from pigs' brain tissue with proposed neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties, for acute ischemic stroke. The review presents results of systematic search and analysis of randomised clinical trials comparing cerebrolysin with placebo in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Only one trial was selected as meeting quality criteria. No difference in death and adverse events between cerebrolysin and placebo was established. The authors conclude about insufficiency of evidence to evaluate the effect of cerebrolysin on survival and dependency in people with acute ischemic stroke

Phenotyping by total oxidative hepatic capacity in patients undergoing laparoscopy cholecystectomy: Two categories of patients and duration of post-anesthesia rehabilitation

In patients, undergoing laparoscopy cholecystectomy, two phenotype categories were identified on the basis of the total oxidative hepatic capacity determined by antipyrine test, which differed by duration of post-anesthesia rehabilitation. The potential of antipyrine phenotyping for individualisation of anesthetics' dosing is discussed

Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke

© 2017 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Background: Cerebrolysin is a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids derived from pigs' brain tissue, which has potential neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties. It is widely used in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke in Russia, Eastern Europe, China, and other Asian and post-Soviet countries. Objectives: To assess the benefits and risks of cerebrolysin for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Search methods: In May 2016 we searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, with Science Citation Index, LILACS, OpenGrey, and a number of Russian Databases. We also searched reference lists, ongoing trials registers and conference proceedings, and contacted the manufacturer of cerebrolysin, EVER Neuro Pharma GmbH (formerly Ebewe Pharma). Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing cerebrolysin, started within 48 hours of stroke onset and continued for any time, with placebo or no treatment in people with acute ischaemic stroke. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently applied inclusion criteria, assessed trial quality and risk of bias, and extracted data. Main results: We identified six RCTs (1501 participants) that met the inclusion criteria. We evaluated risk of bias and judged it to be unclear for generation of allocation sequence in four studies and low in two studies; unclear for allocation concealment in five studies and low in one study; high for incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) in five studies and unclear in one study; unclear for blinding; high for selective reporting in four studies and unclear in two; and high for other sources of bias in three studies and unclear in the rest. The manufacturer of cerebrolysin, pharmaceutical company EVER Neuro Pharma, supported three multi-centre studies, either totally, or providing cerebrolysin and placebo, randomisation codes, research grants, or statisticians. None of the included trials reported on poor functional outcome defined as death or dependence at the end of the follow-up period or early death (within two weeks of stroke onset). All-cause death: we extracted data from five trials (1417 participants). There was no difference in the number of deaths: 46/714 in cerebrolysin group versus 47/703 in placebo group; risk ratio (RR) 0.91 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 1.35 (5 trials, 1417 participants, moderate-quality evidence). Serious adverse events (SAEs): there was no significant difference in the total number of SAEs with cerebrolysin (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.67). This comprised no difference in fatal SAEs (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.38) and an increase in the number of people with non-fatal SAEs (20/667 with cerebrolysin and 8/668 with placebo: RR 2.47, 95% CI 1.09 to 5.58, P = 0.03) (3 trials, 1335 participants, moderate-quality evidence). Total number of people with adverse events: three trials reported on this. There was no difference in the total number of people with adverse events: 308/667 in cerebrolysin group versus 307/668 in placebo group; RR 0.97 95% CI 0.86 to 1.09, random-effects model (3 trials, 1335 participants, moderate-quality evidence). Authors' conclusions: The findings of this Cochrane Review do not demonstrate clinical benefits of cerebrolysin for treating acute ischaemic stroke. We found moderate-quality evidence of an increase in non-fatal SAEs with cerebrolysin use but not in total SAEs

APLIKASI INTERNET OF THINGS MONITORING SUHU ENGINE UNTUK MENCEGAH TERJADINYA OVER HEAT

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendesain dan membuat sistem online monitoring temperature engine berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Sistem ini didesain dan dikembangkan untuk memantau temperature engine baik melalui website thingspeak dan aplikasi android virtuino. Sistem terdiri dari beberapa komponen, komponen utama yaitu arduino uno yang akan memperoleh sinyal input dari sensor temperature DS18B20, setelah itu data disimpan di database menggunakan jaringan internet melalui wifi. Peningkatan temperatur ketika engine beroperasi direkam oleh sensor dan akan dikirim ke mikrokontroller yang dapat diakses melalui website ataupun perangkat mobile. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa selisih nilai pembacaan sensor dengan alat ukur yang terkalibrasi cukup kecil yaitu hanya sebesar 0,14ºc, sedangkan margin error diperoleh 0,14 %. Pengujian alat dilakukan dengan menjalankan engine dengan rentang waktu 1 jam, dan diperoleh temperatur tertinggi engine sebesar 69 ºc dan dapat diakses dengan website dan aplikasi pada perangkat mobile

Endothelial Dysfunction as a Consequence of Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage: A Role in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia

The endothelial glycocalyx is an intravascular compartment which consists of carbohydrate part of membrane glycoconjugates, free proteoglycans and associated proteins. It is thought to play an important role in the vascular tone regulation, vascular permeability and thromboresistance. It was suggested that the leading cause of endothelial dysfunction in various cardiovascular, inflammatory, and kidney diseases is the damage of the endothelial glycocalyx. This review presents the changes in the composition and structure of the endothelial glycocalyx in the settings of damage and under systemic inflammatory response, and the impact of these changes on the functions of endothelial cells and intercellular contacts, mediating the interaction of endothelium and the immune cells. The second issue, discussed in this article is a possible role of endothelial glycocalyx in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia—a complication of pregnancy associated with hypertension, proteinuria and edema. The reviewed data contribute a new insight in the endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis

Assessing methodological quality of Russian clinical practice guidelines and introducing AGREE II instrument in Russia

© 2018 Lienhard et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background There are multiple organisations in Russia that publish clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). The demand for CPGs and appreciation of their role in healthcare provision has been steadily growing. However, quality and methodology of development of CPGs have not been systematically addressed. Aim To analyse the quality of Russian-produced CPGs for surgical treatment of hepatic-pancreatic-biliary diseases. Methods We searched Russian databases for CPGs, published between 2013 and 2017. We identified 6 relevant documents that met our inclusion criteria. We approached four experts in the field with written and verbal instructions on the use of the AGREE II questionnaire. Results All six CPGs received the highest domain scores for the domain Clarity of Presentation (46%–80%). The lowest domain scores were for the domain Editorial Independence (6%-25%). Overall, the experts put the highest total sum scores to the CPG for treating chronic pancreatitis (70%), while the lowest total sum score was attributed to the CPG for treating acute cholangitis (22%). Conclusions The overall quality of CPGs, as assessed by the four experts with the AGREE II instrument, was low. The highest scoring, best organized and most comprehensive and straightforward CPG was the one for chronic pancreatitis. The AGREE II instrument should be considered for use in Russia by guideline developers to assess existing CPGs and inform the creation of new guidelines