Quantitative whole-body muscle MRI in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies including polymyositis with mitochondrial pathology : indications for a disease spectrum

Inflammatory myopathies (IIM) include dermatomyositis (DM), sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and overlap myositis (OLM)/antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS). There is also a rare variant termed polymyositis with mitochondrial pathology (PM-Mito), which is considered a sIBM precursor. There is no information regarding muscle MRI for this rare entity. The aim of this study was to compare MRI findings in IIM, including PM-Mito. This retrospective analysis included 41 patients (7 PM-Mito, 11 sIBM, 11 PM/ASyS/OLM, 12 IMNM) and 20 healthy controls. Pattern of muscle involvement was assessed by semiquantitative evaluation, while Dixon method was used to quantify muscular fat fraction. The sIBM typical pattern affecting the lower extremities was not found in the majority of PM-Mito-patients. Intramuscular edema in sIBM and PM-Mito was limited to the lower extremities, whereas IMNM and PM/ASyS/OLM showed additional edema in the trunk. Quantitative assessment showed increased fat content in sIBM, with an intramuscular proximo-distal gradient. Similar changes were also found in a few PM-Mito- and PM/ASyS/OLM patients. In sIBM and PM-Mito, mean fat fraction of several muscles correlated with clinical involvement. As MRI findings in patients with PM-Mito relevantly differed from sIBM, the attribution of PM-Mito as sIBM precursor should be critically discussed. Some patients in PM/ASyS/OLM and PM-Mito group showed MR-morphologic features predominantly observed in sIBM, indicative of a spectrum from PM/ASyS/OLM toward sIBM. In some IIM subtypes, MRI may serve as a biomarker of disease severity

Победа креста (300-400 гг. н.э.)

Кризис Римской империи и укрепление христианства показаны на фоне важных событий и фигур церковной истории периода 300-400 гг.: Первого Вселенского Собора в Никее, миссионерской деятельности епископа Вульфилы и др.Том входит в авторскую серию "Bild der Jahrhunderte". Глоссарий: с.145-147; хронологическая таблица: с. 148-149; список источников и литературы: с. 150-151. Карта Германии, Галлии и Верхней Италии: с. 96. На клейках: руины Римского форума, фибула эпохи Великого переселения народов, интерьер собора ап. Павла в Риме, ворота Порта Нигра в Трире

Geschichte Indiens und des Islam /

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.1. Völker aus Steppe und Wüste : von 2000 vor Chr. bis 700 nach Chr.2. Kaiser und Kalifen : von 700 bis 1500 nach Chr.3. Die goldenen Tempel : von 1500 bis 1760 nach Chr.4. Gouverneure und Rebellen : von 1750 bis heute.Danau, M.Danau, M.Danau, M.Danau, M