Maximizing the efficiency of resistance training

Introduction and objective: Resistance training is the main intervention that can develop an individual’s strength and muscle mass. When executed regularly, it provides significant health benefits. The aim of this study is to analyze the current level of knowledge on maximizing the efficiency of resistance training in the context of muscle hypertrophy and increase in muscle strength. Materials and methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. The criteria for qualifying the article for the review were the following keywords: hypertrophy, resistance training, muscle strength, and efficiency. 10 articles from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. Description of the state of knowledge: To optimize the way of performing RT, its assumptions should be individually adapted to the exercising person.  In the conventional model of muscle hypertrophy, three main factors are distinguished: muscle tension, metabolic stress, and muscle damage. Maintaining greater mechanical muscle tension during training primarily promotes an increase in its strength while increasing metabolic stress is responsible for the intensification of hypertrophy. In terms of hypertrophy, it has been observed that more series of exercises per week means greater gains in muscle mass. Multi-joint exercises involve more muscle mass than single-joint exercises. Summary: To control the effectiveness of training 1RM should be measured before and after the training cycle. Performing exercises with a high load (RM ≤7) may be the most effective training method for people with limited time resources. To maximize the efficiency of training, only multi-joint exercises may be used.Introduction and objective: Resistance training is the main intervention that can develop an individual’s strength and muscle mass. When executed regularly, it provides significant health benefits. The aim of this study is to analyze the current level of knowledge on maximizing the efficiency of resistance training in the context of muscle hypertrophy and increase in muscle strength. Materials and methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. The criteria for qualifying the article for the review were the following keywords: hypertrophy, resistance training, muscle strength, and efficiency. 10 articles from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. Description of the state of knowledge: To optimize the way of performing RT, its assumptions should be individually adapted to the exercising person.  In the conventional model of muscle hypertrophy, three main factors are distinguished: muscle tension, metabolic stress, and muscle damage. Maintaining greater mechanical muscle tension during training primarily promotes an increase in its strength while increasing metabolic stress is responsible for the intensification of hypertrophy. In terms of hypertrophy, it has been observed that more series of exercises per week means greater gains in muscle mass. Multi-joint exercises involve more muscle mass than single-joint exercises. Summary: To control the effectiveness of training 1RM should be measured before and after the training cycle. Performing exercises with a high load (RM ≤7) may be the most effective training method for people with limited time resources. To maximize the efficiency of training, only multi-joint exercises may be used. Key words: hypertrophy; resistance training; muscle strength; efficienc

Plasma cell myeloma – therapeutic opportunities

Introduction: Plasmocytic myeloma (PCM) is a neoplastic disease with a multistage course. Monoclonal plasmocytes undergo uncontrolled, multifocal growth in the bone marrow, which results in the production of monoclonal immunoglobulin or its fragments that damage the bone marrow. Aim: The aim of this study is to present selected therapeutic possibilities of multiple myeloma. Materials and methods: The work uses the method of non-systematic review and analysis of the available scientific literature. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Arianta, Scopus, Web of Science were searched. The years 2005-2022 were assumed as the review period. Discussion: Multiple myeloma accounts for 1-2% of all cancer cases, and 10-15% of all hematological cancers. It is the third most common lymphoid neoplasm after chronic lymphocytic leukemia and large B-cell lymphoma. The diagnosis of PCM requires the presence of a minimum of 10% clonal plasmocytes in the bone marrow or biopsy confirmed plasmocytoma. Moreover, the CRAB and SLiM CRAB criteria are also important. Treatment should be initiated in all symptomatic patients meeting the SLiM CRAB criteria. The first stage of treatment is to induce remission of the disease.   Conclusions: Thanks to the progress of medicine, an increasing percentage of patients achieve permanent remissions. The success of the therapy is a component of the earliest possible detection of the disease and the use of appropriate, individually selected drugs

The ketogenic diet in the treatment of diabetes type 2

Despite  advances in the medical world, obesity remains a major worldwide health hazard .The majority of chronic diseases like diabetes is largely related to obesity which is usually a product of an unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits. The ketogenic diet has become an increasingly popular approach for both weight loss and as an alternative diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, this diet has a positive effect on body weight, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma lipid profile. This review focuses on the therapeutic effectiveness of using LCKD for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Despite  advances in the medical world, obesity remains a major worldwide health hazard .The majority of chronic diseases like diabetes is largely related to obesity which is usually a product of an unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits. The ketogenic diet has become an increasingly popular approach for both weight loss and as an alternative diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, this diet has a positive effect on body weight, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma lipid profile. This review focuses on the therapeutic effectiveness of using LCKD for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Mindfulness sessions delivered via smartphone applications and their potential benefits

Mindfulness, as a practice of focusing one’s attention on the present moment without evaluating, is used in mindfulness based interventions (MBI) therapy. Traditionally, these sessions are conducted in person. At this moment, we are witnessing a global trend in which patients are turning to technology and are looking for alternative, more convenient solutions. There are studies assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness training conducted in a new unconventional way, which is using an application installed on patient's smartphone. This paper discusses possible benefits of online conducted mindfulness sessions.&nbsp

Efficacy and safety of atropine to control childhood myopia progression

Introduction: Nearsightedness is one of the most common eye defects in people all over the world. If left untreated, it leads to a number of serious eye complications that can result in irreversible loss of vision. It is estimated that by 2050. Half of humanity will be burdened with this disadvantage, so it has become a priority to try to find ways to prevent and treat myopia, among which the administration of atropine drops is very effective. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia and to investigate the relationship between the dose of atropine and the effectiveness of controlling the progression of myopia. Material and methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to review the literature. Results: Eye drops with 1% atropine showed the greatest efficacy in the control of myopia. However, their use was limited due to the occurrence of side effects such as impaired accommodation and photophobia. In the ATOM 2 study, which investigated the use of atropine in a variety of concentrations, it was found that 0.01% is the optimal concentration with good efficacy and minimal side effects. One of the breakthroughs was the LAMP study using atropine at a concentration of 0.05%, 0.025%, 0.01% in eye drops. This study provided evidence for the first time that low-concentration atropine is effective compared with placebo in myopia. In addition, both efficacy and side effects followed a concentration-dependent response ranging from 0.01% to 0.05% of atropine. Among them, 0.05% of atropine was the optimal concentration to achieve the best efficacy and safety profile. Conclusion: Low concentration of atropine is effective in the control of myopia. Its widespread use can help prevent the progression of myopia. However, further investigation of the rebound phenomenon and a long term, individualized approach to treatment are warranted.   &nbsp

Therapeutic methods in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer - a review

Breast cancer is a common female malignancy characterized by the presence of multiple subtypes taking into account, among other things, hormonal activity. The purpose of this study is to show the therapeutic options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A review of the literature in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science by keywords was performed, taking into account papers from 2017-2022. The main therapeutic approaches are surgical intervention and systemic chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and adjuvant). Unsatisfactory results from chemotherapy have prompted researchers to work on other methods to combat TNBC. Clinical trials are being conducted on the use of immunotherapy focusing mainly on molecules against PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Targeted therapy is the latest proposed form of therapy, which offers the possibility of introducing a drug in the future that will be tailored to the patient's needs limiting the negative therapeutic impact

Providing information about a child's oncological disease - a challenge for a pediatric oncologist

Introduction: The diagnosis of a serious illness in a family affects all members. The child is a special subject, as he cannot yet understand many aspects of life at such a high perceptual level as an adult. Communicating difficult information is part of the doctor's task and is one of the most difficult parts of the therapeutic process.  The aim of the study: To analyze the methodology of communicating difficult information to pediatric oncology patients. Material and method: Polish and English-language scientific literature from 2012 - 2022 from databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Web of Science was reviewed. Searches were conducted according to keywords: communicating difficult information, oncology, pediatrics, physician. Results and conclusions: One of the most well-known protocols for communicating difficult information is SPIKES. It describes the basic and necessary steps for properly informing parents and the child about the diagnosis, for example. Healthy siblings should also learn about their brother's illness, but this task falls to the parents. Psycho-oncological support for both the child and parents should be holistic, based on best practices, and tailored to the family's needs. &nbsp

The problem of tissue and organ transplantation in the light of the dogma of world religions

Background: Transplantation affects almost everyone, often affecting many almost directly, whether as donor or recipient.  The presence of an incurable disease, failure, or irreversible damage to a particular organ leads the patient and his or her treatment team to seek effective life-saving methods, including the possibility of tissue or organ transplantation. The development of the field of transplantology has enabled many patients to continue living. Paradoxically, the death of one person can offer life to another. Aim of the study: To analyse the attitude towards transplantation about the dogmas of the main world religions. Material and method: A non-systematic review of Polish and English-language scientific literature was carried out according to keywords: transplantation, transplantology, religion, denomination, and attitude. No time or methodological limitation (quantitative, qualitative, etc.) was indicated to qualify publications for review. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results and conclusions: The Catholic Church, the Protestant Church, the Orthodox Church, Islam, Judaism, and Jehovah's Witnesses do not directly oppose organ transplantation, although some denominations place certain conditions on the acceptance of transplantation. Gypsies, followers of Confucianism and Shintoism are opposed to performing transplants from deceased persons. The religions presented do not promote among their followers either to be donors or recipients of transplants. The level of transplantation worldwide varies. So far, there is a perception that undergoing this procedure is against one's religion and tradition.

Multidisciplinary of depression spectrum disorders from a health care system perspective

Introduction: Depression is the leading cause of disability, and incapacity in the world and the most common mental disorder. Year after year, the incidence of this disease entity is increasing, therefore, depression is a serious challenge for modern medicine. Aim of the study: To synthesize the knowledge of depression as a problem in modern medicine. Material and method: A non-systematic review of scientific literature from 2012 - 2022 was carried out, according to the keyword’s depression, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Results and conclusions: Depression is a psychiatric disorder showing varied symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks. Prominent among them are lowered mood, anhedonia, reduced life activities, and others. Diagnosis of depression is difficult, requiring cooperation between the doctor and the patient. Treatment of depression is mainly based on pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy; unconventional treatment is also distinguished

Therapeutic effects of creatine supplementation in patients with type II diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is disturbingly increasing all over the world. Clinicians and patients need new ways of improving T2DM therapy. Aim of this study: The aim of this study is to present the current scientific literature on the potential hypoglycemic effects of creatine in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: A systematic review of the scientific and medical literature from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was carried out. This was achieved according to the keywords: type 2 diabetes and creatine supplementation. 25 items of literature were qualified for analysis. Results and conclusions: Creatine supplementation, when combined with physical activity, improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Increased glucose transfer into muscle cells by type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT-4) translocation to the sarcolemma is one of the potential mechanisms explaining these hypoglycemic effects. Creatine has a big potential to become a nutritional therapy adjuvant for type 2 diabetes. However, in order to draw firm conclusions about the efficacy and safety of creatine as a diabetic intervention, larger, longer-term, controlled trials involving type 2 diabetes with variable disease severity and different pharmacological treatments are required