Chemical elements in the mineralization of plant residues under soil pollution with heavy metals

Mineralization processes of plant residues in background and anthropogenically affected areas are analyzed. The multielement composition of plant residues before and after their exposure in soil is provided with the help of synchrotron radiation (XPA SR). It is demonstrated that the destruction process is accompanied by changes in the chemical composition of plant residues. Chemical elements with concentrations increasing as they are filtrated from soil into the exposed samples are determined. Agrobotanical groups of plants with the highest infiltration rate are revealed. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Russian Academy of Sciences, RAS Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 1.1.08, 5.5329.2011Development Program of Lead ing Science Schools (NSh 5325.2012.4)Programs of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch (project no. 12 I 4 2051)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 10 04 00146 a)

Dynamics of Alpha Diversity During the Restoration Succession of Grass Communities of Fallow Lands and Pits

The features of the restoration of the diversity of plant communities formed under different edaphic conditions were studied. In the period of 2006-2020, restorative successions on the territory of the Tagil zone of the Middle Urals were observed on nine sites, five of which were fallow lands, and four were overgrown anthropogenic pits. In the course of direct observations of the communities of fallow lands and pits, four groups of phytocenoses were identified, reflecting successive stages of succession: gramineous phytocenoses with maintaining their status during the study period; gramineous phytocenoses with subsequent transition to the meadow stage; and early meadow and formed meadow phytocenoses. The temporal dynamics of their species composition and alpha diversity was studied. Differences in indicators of diversity of communities associated with their successional age and physicochemical parameters of soils (agrozems and technozems) were established. Communities of agrozems and technozems differed in the rate of change in alpha diversity indicators. The increase in these indicators occurred significantly faster on agrozems than on technozems. The transition between stages was not accompanied by a significant increase in the diversity of communities on technozems.The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Nizhny Tagil State Social and Pedagogical Institute of the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University and the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences