Natural History Museum of Guangxi, Nanning 530012, People’s Republic of China.

The genus Ailanthus Desfontaines (1788: 265) of the family Simaroubaceae comprises 5–10 species distributed in South and Southeast Asia as well as northern Australia (Nooteboom 1962, Peng & Thomas 2008). The species can be classified into two groups, i.e., one with toothed leaflets and the other with entire-margined leaflets. The latter group currently includes five species, A. triphysa (Dennstedt 1818: 32) Alston (1931: 41), A. vietnamensis H.V.Sam & Nooteboom (2007: 555), A. fordii Nooteboom (1962: 220), A. integrifolia Lamarck (1792: 417), and A. guangxiensis S.L.Mo ex C.F.Liang & S.L.Mo (1982: 145). The last species was described based on two fruit collections from Longzhou County, Guangxi Province, China. In the protologue, the authors stated that it was clearly distinguished from its congeneric species by the large samaras. After that, A. guangxiensis is always considered as an endemic species of Guangxi (Peng & Thomas 2008, Qin & Liu 2010, Mo 2011). In 2010, it was listed as a key protected wild plant of Guangxi by the local government. In Ailanthus, the samara morphology is placed a high value on distinguishing species, including both living and fossil species (Nooteboom 1962, Corbett & Manchester 2004). The examination of the cited collections of A. guangxiensis, including the holotype (Fig. 1), shows that the samara is 12.9–14.8 × 3.6–4.1 cm. Although it is much larger than that of any other Chinese species of Ailanthus (usually less than 8 cm long), it does not beyond the range of A. integrifolia (11–22 × 2.5–5 cm), which has geographic distribution extending from India, Vietnam, the Philippines

Taxonomic studies of Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) from the Indo-China Peninsula (II): The identities of G. anamiticum and G. annamense

The names Glochidion anamiticum (Kuntze) Kuntze ex Merrill and G. annamense Beille were previously reduced to synonyms of G. eriocarpum Champ. ex Benth. However, literature examination and morphological comparison suggest that G. annamense is conspecific with G. anamiticum and the species can be readily distinguished from G. eriocarpum by its styles connate into a long cylindric column and up to 3 mm long, ovaries usually 3-locular, stigma usually 3-lobed, capsules pubescent and usually 6-grooved, persistent styles 3‒4 mm long. Thus, the specific status of G. anamiticum is here reinstated and G. annamense is treated as its synonym

Derris taiwaniana Z. Q. Song. A. 2022, comb. nov.

<p> 2. <i>Derris taiwaniana</i> (Hayata) Z.Q. Song, <i>comb. nov.</i></p> <p> ≡ <i>Pongamia taiwaniana</i> Hayata (1913: 79) ≡ <i>Millettia taiwaniana</i> (Hayata) Hayata (1920: 22) ≡ <i>Whitfordiodendron taiwanianum</i> (Hayata) Ohwi (1936: 660). <b>Type:</b> — CHINA. Taiwan, Taibei, Sankakuyu, 1902, <i>K. Nagai s.n.</i> (syntype, not seen); CHINA. Taiwan, 13 March, <i>S</i>. Yokoyama 27 (syntype, K001414935!).</p> <p> = <i>Millettia pachycarpa</i> Bentham (1852: 250), non <i>Derris pachycarpa</i> Merrill (1922: 312). <b>Type:</b> — INDIA. Upper Assam. <i>Jenkins s.n.</i> (Lectotype: K001415586!, <b>designated here</b>; isolectotypes: K001415584!, K001415585!, L0019105!, NY!, P 02141837!, P 02141838!).</p> <p> = <i>Millettia dunnii</i> Merrill (1918: 139). <b>Type:</b> — CHINA. Guangdong, Boluo, Loh Fau [Luofu] Mountain, in thickets near So Liu Koon, 200 m, 13 August 1917, <i>E. D. Merrill 10861</i> (holotype: PNH, may be destroyed, photo in A!; isotypes: CAS0007371!, NY00016340!, US 00003978!).</p> <p> = <i>Millettia fooningensis</i> Hu (1955: 360). <b>Type:</b> — CHINA. Yunnan, Foo-ning [Funing County], 550 m, 11 April 1940, <i>Chi-Wu Wang 88378</i> (holotype: PE00022404!; isotypes: KUN0754399!, KUN0754400!, KUN0754601!, KUN0754602!, KUN0754603!, KUN0755303!).</p> <p>Liana large, climbing. Stems cylindric, dark brown, densely scattered with white to brown lenticels, pithy inside; young shoots yellow tomentose, glabrescent when mature. Stipules ovate-triangular, ca. 3.5 × 3.0 mm. Leaves imparipinnate, 13–17-foliolate (usually 13), juvenile at anthesis, reddish when young; rachis 21.8–38.8 cm long, including petiole 8.6– 14.0 cm long; leaflet blades oblanceolate to oblong, 5.8–20.3 × 2.3–6.1 cm (ratio usually 2–4), papery to subleathery, glabrous above, appressed pubescent to densely hairy beneath, acute to acuminate at apex, cuneate to rounded at base; lateral veins 10–16 on each side of midvein, obvious, looped near margin; petiolules ca. 5 mm long; stipels absent. Pseudoracemes 10.9–39.8 cm long, usually inserted in the leafless axil of leaf on the lower part of branchlets of current year; rachis appressed hairy; brachyblasts distinct, wart-like or knob-like, up to 7–11 mm long on the lower part, with 3–5 flowers on the top of each brachyblast; bracts inserted at base of brachyblasts and pedicels; bracteoles 2, inserted at the base of calyx. Flowers pink, pale purplish white to white, ca. 2.1–2.6 cm long; pedicels 0.7–1.2 cm long, appressed tawny hairy; calyx campanulate, dark red, 5-lobed, pubescent outside, with short calyx lobes, the lower lobe longest, ca. 2 mm long, 4 mm wide, the tube ca. 6 mm long; standard blade glabrous, suborbicular, ca. 2.3 × 2.1 cm, reflexed, emarginate at the apex, with a yellow-green patch and a 3.5–4.5 mm long claw; wing blade pubescent on the outer surface at apex, oblong, ca. 1.8 × 0.7 cm, with a 7 mm long claw; keel blade pocketed at side, pubescent on the outer surface at apex, oblong, 1.6 × 0.7 cm, with a 7 mm long claw; stamen 10, monadelphous, 2.2 cm long, with two small openings (fenestrae) at base; floral disk indistinct; ovary appressed hairy, 2.2 cm long, with 6–8 ovules; style inflexed, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate. Pods inflated, slightly to deeply constricted between seeds, 6.0–14.6 × 3.2–4.1 × 3 cm, glabrous when mature, with a distinct beak at apex, densely covered with warts, usually indehiscent; fruiting pedicels 0.9 cm long. Seeds 1–5, large, dark brown, reniform, 2.1–3.3 × 1.8–2.4 cm.</p> <p> <b>Phenology and habitat:</b> —Flowering from March to June, and fruiting from April to next March. The flowers and leaves develop together. It grows in evergreen forests at elevations of 0–2500 m.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> — Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam (Fig. 5).</p> <p> <b>Notes:</b> —Transfer of <i>Millettia pachycarpa</i> Bentham (1852) to <i>Derris</i> Lour. would lead to a later homonym because of the existence of <i>Derris pachycarpa</i> Merrill (1922: 312). <i>Pongamia taiwaniana</i> Hayata (1913) is the next earliest legitimate name for this species. Therefore, according to Art. 11.4 of the <i>ICN</i> (Turland <i>et al.</i> 2018), we made the new combination <i>Derris taiwaniana</i> (Hayata) Z.Q. Song based on <i>Pongamia taiwaniana</i> Hayata. This new combination is not threatened by the nomen nudum “ <i>Derris taiwaniana</i> Matsum. ”, which is merely cited as a synonym of <i>Pongamia taiwaniana,</i> and thus, an invalid name (Art. 36.1, Turland <i>et al.</i> 2018).</p> Additional specimens examined. <p> <b>BHUTAN. Punakha District:</b> 1350 m, 11 Oct. 1984, <i>I. W. J. Sinclair & D. G. Long 5598</i> (E, K); <b>Tashigang:</b> 1360 m, 18 Jun. 1979, <i>A. J. C. Grierson & D. G. Long 2039</i> (E, K), 1050 m, 28 Jun. 1979, <i>A. J. C. Grierson & D. G. Long 2350</i> (E), 3000 ft, 17 Aug. 1915, <i>R. E. Cooper & A. K. Bulley 4504</i> (BM, E). <b>CHINA. Chongqing:</b> Banan, 19 Nov. 1940, <i>C. Pei 7722</i> (NAS); Dazu, 100 m, 12 Jul. 1978, <i>Anonymous 440</i> (SM); Fengdu, 590 m, 12 May 1964, <i>J. A. Wang & Y. X. Wang 59</i> (CDBI); Hechuan, 11 May 1959, <i>1-Section 1586</i> (CDBI); Nanchuan, 500 m, 30 Oct. 1957, <i>G. F. Li 65000</i> (IBSC, KUN, NAS), 800 m, 12 Oct. 1995, <i>S. R. Yi 15680</i> (MO), 750 m, 21 Aug. 1990, Z. Y. Liu 12864 (IMC), 200 m, 20 Aug. 1996, <i>Z. Y. Liu 2029201</i> (IMC); Rongchang, 27 May 1978, <i>Anonymous 30</i> (SM); Tongliang, 500 m, 27 Aug. 1978, <i>Anonymous 549</i> (SM); Wulong, 24 Sep. 1978, <i>Anonymous 1224</i> (SM); <b>Fujian:</b> Dehua, 1250 m, 5 May 1930, <i>P. C. Tsoong 193</i> (AU, IBSC, PE); Fuzhou, 2 Jun. 1951, <i>T. J. Liu 112</i> (FJSI), Huaan, 10 Jun. 1959, <i>S. M. Huang 5118</i> (IBSC), 710 m, 15 Apr. 1987, <i>W. D. Han 20425</i> (NF), Huai Pin Hsiang, 16 Apr. 1937, <i>H. Migo s.n.</i> (NAS), 11 Jul. 1937, H. <i>Migo s.n.</i> (NAS); Longyan, 260 m, <i>X. F. Zeng ZXF13580</i> (CZH); Nanan, 850 m, 31 May 1965, <i>Fujian Exped. 2164</i> (NAS), Nanjing, 400 m, 26 Feb. 1989, <i>H. B. Chen 2252</i> (FJSI), 450 m, 10 Apr. 1991, <i>H. B. Chen 2553</i> (MO), 17 May 1942, <i>J. He 1938</i> (FJSI, PE); Shanghang, 340 m, 5 Sep. 1983, <i>Meihuashan Exped. 9</i> (FJSI); Xiamen, 27 Oct. 2019, <i>Z. W. Mao 363</i> (AU); Yanping, 280 m, 24 May 1980, <i>H. Y. Zou 477</i> (NF), 280 m, 21 Oct. 1980, <i>H. Y. Zou 858</i> (NF), 14 May 1905, <i>S. T. Dunn 2564</i> (IBSC); Yongchun, 702 m, 24 Oct. 2018, <i>X. F. Zeng ZXF41394</i> (CZH); Yongtai, 203 m, 7 Nov. 2012, <i>Q. Tian et al. TQ02522</i> (CSH), 230 m, 30 May 1931, <i>Y. Lin 316</i> (AU, IBSC, PE); <b>Guangdong:</b> Boluo, 125 m, 13 Aug. 1917, <i>C. O. Levine 1371</i> (A), Feb. 27 1930, <i>H. T. Ho 60155</i> (IBK, NY, IBSC), 30 Jul. 1930, <i>N. K. Chun 41461</i> (IBK, IBSC, SYS), 26 Feb. 1930, <i>S. P. Ko 50112</i> (NY, IBSC); Chaoan, 690 m, 6 Dec. 2009, <i>X. F. Zeng 8719</i> (CZH), 510 m, 3 May 2009, <i>X. F. Zeng ZXF6573</i> (CZH); Conghua, 24 Nov. 1958, <i>Sino-Germany Exped. 1158</i> (IBSC); Dabu, 500 m, 2 Nov. 1996, <i>B. H. Chen et al. 83</i> (IBSC), 350 m, 11 May 1984, <i>Dabu Exped. 489</i> (IBSC); Dongguan, 2500 ft, 16–17 Mar. 1932, <i>S. Y. Lau 20102</i> (A, NY, IBSC, SYS); Gaozhou, 6 May 1929, <i>Y. Tsiang 2163</i> (IBK, IBSC, SYS); Guangzhou, 27 May 1924, <i>To & Tsang 12170</i> (A, BM, E, MO, NAS, P, US), 16 May 1935, <i>Y. Tsiang 392</i> (IBK); Heping, 298 m, 1 Jul. 2002, <i>C. M. Tam Y06622</i> (JJF, SZG); Heyuan, 14 Apr. 1930, <i>C. L. Tso 21552</i> (IBSC); Huidong, 24 May 1983, <i>B. Y. Chen et al. 461</i> (IBSC); Jiaoling, 650 m, 25 May 1957, <i>L. Teng 4898</i> (IBSC, NAS, PE); Lechang, 450 m, 4 Aug. 1986, <i>B. Y. Chen et al. 2626</i> (IBK, IBSC), 8 May 1929, <i>C. L. Tso 20268</i> (NY, IBSC), 8 May 1929, <i>C. L. Tso 20271</i> (IBSC), 17 May 1934, <i>S. P. Ko 54519</i> (IBK, IBSC, NAS), 300 m, 24 May 1934, <i>S. P. Kuo 80676</i> (IBSC), 23 Aug. 1950, T. S. Chu 104 (IBSC); Liannan, 18 May 1951, <i>T. S. Chu 60986</i> (IBSC); Lianzhou, 27 May 1951, <i>T. S. Chu 730</i> (IBSC); Longchuan, 24 Jul. 1990, <i>B. H. Chen 992</i> (IBSC); Longmen, 250 m, 17 May 1986, <i>Nanling Exped. 2155</i> (IBSC); Maoming, 280 m, 30 Apr. 1957, <i>Zhanjiang Exped. 4087</i> (IBSC); Nanxiong, 21 Aug. 1985, <i>Z. Y. Li 739</i> (MO); Qujiang, 14 Jun. 1985, <i>Z. Y. Li 624</i> (MO); Raoping, 16 Apr. 1931, <i>N. K. Chun 42677</i> (IBK, IBSC); Ruyuan, 20 Aug. 1935, <i>C. S. Chung 10867</i> (IBSC), 25 Oct. 1938, <i>S. K. Lau 29096</i> (IBK, IBSC), 21 Jul. 1941, <i>S. K. Lau 29618</i> (IBSC); Shenzhen, 9 Dec. 1999, <i>F. W. Xing & Y. X. Zhang 12126</i> (IBSC), 400 m, 17 Oct. 1992, <i>J. F. Chen 2275</i> (SZG), 100–200 m, 25 Apr. 2005, <i>S. Z. Zhang et al. 587</i> (PE, SZG), 100–200 m, 10 May 2005, <i>S. Z. Zhang et al. 1291</i> (PE, SZG); Shixing, 150 m, 11 Aug. 1958, <i>L. Teng 7166</i> (IBSC, NAS), 27 Jul. 1985, <i>X. B. Ye 35010</i> (MO); Wengyuan, 22 Sep. 1933, <i>S. K. Lau 2382</i> (A, SYS), 23 Nov. 1939, <i>S. K. Lau 25293</i> (IBK, IBSC); Xinfeng, 1–19 Jun. 1938, <i>Y. W. Taam 859</i> (P, IBSC); Xinxing, 3 Oct. 1958, <i>Y. S. Lau 2434</i> (IBSC); Xinyi, 18 Jul. 1931, <i>C. Wang 30979</i> (IBK, IBSC, SYS), 25 Apr. 1932, <i>C. Wang 32211</i> (IBK), 29 Nov. 1951, <i>T. S. Chu 1137</i> (IBSC); Yangchun, 4 Nov. 1935, <i>C. Wang 38641</i> (IBK, IBSC), 300 m, 6 Sep. 1990, <i>Yunkai Exped. 46</i> (IBSC); Yangshan, 29 Jul. 1936, <i>L. Teng 206</i> (IBSC), 400 m, 17 Sep. 1985, <i>Nanling Exped. 1463</i> (IBSC), Jul. –Sep. 1932, <i>T. M. Tsui 762</i> (A, MO, NY, IBSC, NAS, PE, SYS); Yingde, 18 Oct. 1931, <i>Anonymous 61400</i> (IBSC), 11 May 1931, <i>H. Y. Liang 60953</i> (IBK, IBSC, PE), 14 Jan. 1929, <i>Y. K. Wang 510</i> (A, IBSC, K, MO, P, PE), 9 Jun. 1985, <i>Z. Y. Li 576</i> (MO); Yunfou, 10–22 Feb. 1928, <i>Y. Tsiang 1892</i> (NAS); Yunfu, 26 Mar. 1955, <i>C. Wang & L. Teng 501</i> (IBSC), 19 Nov. 1934, <i>L. Teng 10116</i> (IBSC); Zhaoqing, 6 Jun. 1975, <i>G. L. Shi 11457</i> (IBSC), 9 Aug. 1977, <i>G. L. Shi 13089</i> (IBSC); <b>Guangxi:</b> Baise, 20 Apr. 1936, <i>Kwangsi Prov. Mus. 11188</i> (IBSC), 2000 ft, 12 Sep. 1928, <i>R. C. Ching 7359</i> (A, NY, IBSC, NAS); Bama, 26 Apr. 1957, <i>Y. K. Li P01014</i> (IBK); Cangwu, 200 m, 21 Jul. 1956, <i>S. H. Chun 9954</i> (IBSC), 200 m, 21 Jul. 1956, <i>S. H. Chun 9956</i> (IBK, KUN, LBG); Chongzuo, 251 m, 27 Mar. 2015, <i>Y. T. Peng et al. 451402150327042LY</i> (GXMG); Dahua, 355 m, 23 Apr. 2018, <i>D. X. Nong et al. 451029180423017LY</i> (GXMG); Daxin, 29 Jul. 2016, <i>Y. T. Peng et al. 451424160729013LY</i> (GXMG), 26 Jul. 1958, <i>Z. X. Zhang et al. 3842</i> (IBK); Debao, 613 m, 26 Jun. 2015, <i>Debao Exped. 451024160626122LY</i> (GXMG, IBK); Donglan, 200 m, 18 Jan. 1958, <i>C. C. Chang 11364</i> (IBK, IBSC); Du’an, 21 Apr. 1978, <i>Du’an Exped. 4-10-0232</i> (GXMI), 5 Jul. 1957, <i>Y. K. Li P01613</i> (IBK); Fengshan, 933 m, 2 Apr. 2013, <i>B. Y. Huang et al. 451223130402046LY</i> (GXMG), 696 m, 25 Aug. 2013, <i>D. X. Nong et al. 451223130825037LY</i> (GXMG), 750 m, 26 Oct. 2012, <i>H. Z. Lv et al. 451223121026048LY</i> (GXMG); Fusui, 24 Apr. 1957, <i>S. H. Chun 12047</i> (IBK, IBSC, KUN); Guanyang, 209 m, 26 Nov. 2015, <i>Guanyang Exped. 450327151126006LY</i> (GXMG, IBK); Guilin, 28 Oct. 1950, <i>C. S. Chung 808606</i> (IBK, IBSC, PE); Hechi, 11 Jun. 1928, <i>Anonymous 92059</i> (IBK); Hengxian, 30 Apr. 1957, <i>Z. Z. Chen 50352</i> (IBK); Hexian, 200 m, 20 Oct. 1989, <i>Daguishan Exped. 81028</i> (GXMI); Huanjiang, 500 m, 23 Oct. 1991, <i>Dian-Qian-Gui Exped. 70158</i> (IBK), 236 m, 20 Jul. 2013, <i>Huangjiang Exped. 451226130720003LY</i> (GXMG, IBK); Jingxi, 26 Jul. 1977, <i>Y. Lin 3-54276</i> (GXMI); Jinxiu, 24 Feb. 1954, <i>Anonymous 24</i> (IBK), 18 Apr. 1982, <i>Dayaoshan Exped. 14381</i> (IBSC), 310 m, 19 Apr. 1982, <i>Dayaoshan Exped. 14411</i> (MO, IBSC), 500 m, 22 Nov. 1981, <i>Dayaoshan Exped. 811983</i> (GXMI), 9 May 1929, <i>S. S. Sin 8222</i> (IBSC), 28 Jun. 1934, <i>S. S. Sin 23356</i> (IBK, IBSC), 11 Dec. 1958, <i>Y. C. Chen 1163</i> (IBK); Laibin, 3 Aug. 1977, <i>Y. A. Shi 574-92</i> (GXMI); Leye, 5 May 1960, <i>Lingle Exped. 33022</i> (IBK), 1250 m, 14 May 1960, <i>Lingle Exped. 33115</i> (IBK), 23 Jun. 1960, <i>N. K. Liang 10173</i> (GXMI), 19 Jun. 1960, <i>N. K. Liang 11115</i> (GXMI), 882 m, 10 Sep. 2013, <i>X. Y. Huang et al. 451028130910030LY</i> (GXMG); Lingchuan, 615 m, 17 May 2013, <i>Lingchuan Exped. 450323130517016LY</i> (GXMG, IBK); Lingui, 12 Jan. 1953, <i>L. H. Chun 93247</i> (IBK, MO, IBSC, PE), 189 m, 11 Aug. 2015, <i>Lingui Exped. 450322150811023LY</i> (GXMG), 12 May 1964, <i>X. Z. Zheng 249</i> (GXMI); Lingyun, 18 Jul. 1933, <i>A. N. Steward & H. C. Cheo 711</i> (P), 21 Dec. 1958, <i>C. T. Ting & J. Z. Wang 1336</i> (NAS), 17 Apr. 1957, <i>C. Wang 43053 (IBSC)</i>, 8 Dec. 1984, <i>Guangxi Exped. 327</i> (GXMI), 350 m, 10 Sep. 1989, <i>Huanan Exped. 1180</i> (IBSC), 450 m, 8 Oct. 1989, <i>Huanan Exped. 2338</i> (IBSC), 617 m, 21 Mar. 2013, <i>Lingyun Exped. 451027130321036</i> (GXMG, GXMI), 14 Jul. 1937, <i>S. K. Lau 28639</i> (IBK, IBSC, KUN, PE); Longan, 24 Apr. 1978, <i>X. X. Chen & Y. P. Huang 2-281</i> (GXMI); Longlin, 650 m, 24 Jul. 1959, <i>Anonymous 604</i> (HGAS), 24 Jul. 1959, <i>Anshun Exped. 604</i> (KUN), 800 m, 5 Nov. 1957, <i>C. C. Chang 10812</i> (IBK, IBSC, KUN), 1 May 1957, <i>C. F. Liang & T. L. Wu 32033</i> (IBK, IBSC), 560 m, 14 Oct. 1957, <i>Nanzhidi 4593</i> (IBK, IBSC), 1000 m, 10 Sep. 1987, <i>S. Q. Tang et al. 130</i> (IBK); Longsheng, 480 m, 13 May 2014, <i>Longsheng Exped. 450328140513016LY</i> (GXMG), 3 May 1987, <i>X. X. Chen & D. R. Liang 6133</i> (GXMI); Longzhou, 550 m, 23 Dec. 1957, <i>P. C. Tam 57590</i> (IBSC); Luocheng, 21 Apr. 1978, <i>Luocheng Exped. 4-1-086</i> (GXMI), 179 m, 21 Apr. 2013, <i>Luocheng Exped. 451225130421004LY</i> (IBK); Nandan, 2500 m, 22 Jun. 1937, <i>C. Wang 40840</i> (IBK, IBSC, PE); Nanning, 25 Mar. 1959, <i>D. Fang 1907</i> (GXMI); Napo, 1400 m, 9 Dec. 1958, <i>C. C. Chang 13506</i> (IBK, IBSC), 19 Oct. 1962, <i>C. C. Lee 1215</i> (IBK), 22 Dec. 1958, <i>C. T. Li 602312</i> (IBK, PE), 1250 m, 4 Jan. 1959, <i>C. T. Li 602533</i> (IBK), 1200 m, 23 Apr. 1981, <i>D. Fang et al. 22420</i> (GXMI), 10 Oct. 1935, <i>S. P. Ko 55892</i> (IBSC); Ningming, 12 Oct. 1958, <i>C. C. Chang 12167</i> (IBK, IBSC, KUN), 9 Jun. 1959, <i>H. Q. Li 40911</i> (IBK), 15 Nov. 1959, <i>X. F. Deng 10591</i> (IBK); Pingguo, 13 Oct. 2015, <i>H. Z. Lv et al. 451023151013061LY</i> (GXMG); Pingle, 22 Dec. 1958, <i>S. Q. Zhong A62834</i> (KUN, PE); Pingxiang, 377 m, 15 Apr. 2016, <i>Y. Y. Xie et al. 451481160415005LY</i> (GXMG); Qinxian, 330 m, 1 Aug. 1958, <i>C. C. Chen 490</i> (IBSC); Quanzhou, 344 m, 30 Jan. 2013, <i>Quanzhou Exped. 450324130130027LY</i> (GXMG, IBK); Rongshui, 700 m, 5 Jun. 1959, <i>Liuzhou Exped. 2346</i> (IBK); Shanglin, 19 Apr. 1978, <i>Shanglin Exped. 2-432</i> (GXMI), 20 Apr. 1978, <i>Shanglin Exped. 2-439</i> (GXMI); Shangsi, 13 Jul. 1959, <i>H. Q. Li 40865</i> (IBK), 30 m, 7 Jan. 1944, <i>S. H. Chun 4288</i> (IBSC); Tiandeng, 730 m, 29 Apr. 2015, <i>H. Z. Lv et al. 451425150429044LY</i> (GXMG); Tiandong, 17 Sep. 1977, <i>S. G. Wang 3-15226</i> (GXMI), 146 m, 26 Mar. 2018, <i>Tiandong Exped. 451022180326024LY</i> (GXMG); Tian’e, 23 Aug. 1958, <i>C. T. Li 601326</i> (IBK, KUN), 17 Jul. 1977, <i>Tiane Exped. 4-6-613</i> (GXMI); Tianlin, 200 m, 5 Jun. 1958, <i>C. T. Li 600614</i> (IBK, IBSC, KUN), 16 Jun. 1936, <i>H. Y. Liang 67725</i> (IBK, IBSC), 600 m, 18 Apr. 1989, <i>Hongshuihe Exped. 89-69</i> (PE), 320 m, 21 Mar. 2013, <i>Tianlin Exped. 451029130321001</i> (GXMG), 1072 m, 22 Apr. 2013, <i>Tianlin Exped. 4510291300422040</i> (GXMG); Tianyang, 21 Nov. 2002, <i>N. Li et al. 11280</i> (SZG), 676 m, 23 May 2016, <i>Tianyang Exped. 451021160523031LY</i> (GXMG); Tze-an, 1400 ft, 3 Jul. 1928, <i>R. C. Ching 6341</i> (A, NY, US, IBSC, NAS, PE); Wuming, 21 Apr. 1978, <i>G. G. Xie 2-106</i> (GXMI); Xingan, 400 m, 16 May 2016, <i>Xingan Exped. 450325160516005LY</i> (GXMG); Yangshuo, 9 May 1954, <i>C. S. Chung 31292</i> (IBK), 280 m, 1 Nov. 1963, <i>Z. Z. Chen 53271</i> (IBK); Yao-shan, <i>S. S. Sin 592</i> (IBSC); Yongfu, 425 m, 25 Mar. 2013, <i>Yongfu Exped. 450326130325030LY</i> (GXMG, IBK); Yulin, 26 May 1959, <i>Y. K. Li 404459</i> (IBK); Zhaoping, 26 Oct. 1958, <i>Y. K. Li 403556</i> (IBK, IBSC). <b>Guizhou:</b> Anlong, 1000 m, 12 May 1960, Guizhou Exped. 2393 (NAS, PE), 500 m, 14 May 1960, <i>Guizhou Exped. 2616</i> (NAS), 1100 m, 9 Jun. 1960, <i>Guizhou Exped. 3185</i> (HGAS, NAS), 700 m, 16 May 1960, <i>Guizhou Exped. 3449</i> (HGAS), 1200 m, 15 Jun. 1960, <i>Guizhou Exped. 3534</i> (HGAS), 1300 m, 20 May 1960, <i>Guizhou Exped. 3646</i> (HGAS), 900 m, 24 May 1960, <i>Guizhou Exped. 3741</i> (HGAS), 1100 m, 12 Jun. 1960, <i>Guizhou Exped. 4343</i> (HGAS), 1700 m, 15 Jun. 1960, <i>Guizhou Exped. 4534</i> (NAS), 28 Sep. 1985, <i>J. B. Zuo 75-007</i> (GFS); Bijie, 648 m, 22 Nov. 2016, <i>S. Y. Peng 522401161122009LY</i> (GZTM); Ceheng, 600 m, 3 May 2005, <i>F. C. Wang 637</i> (HITBC, PE), 4 Nov. 1930, <i>Y. Tsiang 9204</i> (A, NY, IBSC, NAS), 23 Oct. 1980, <i>Z. L. Ding & H. H. Zhang 25</i> (GFS); Chishui, 500 m, 10 Apr. 1959, <i>Bijie Exped. 1162</i> (KUN), 850 m, 25 Sep. 1959, <i>Bijie Exped. 1744</i> (KUN), 430 m, 27 Jul. 1998, <i>D. X. Wang 2073</i> (GFS), 28 Mar. 1986, <i>H. H. Zhang 1204</i> (GFS), 5 Apr. 1986, <i>H. H. Zhang 1322</i> (GFS), 500 m, 22 Jul. 1995, <i>Z. T. Wang & Z. Y. Cao 57</i> (PE); Congjiang, 430 m, 7 May 1982, <i>J. M. Yuan 838</i> (HGAS); Daozhen, 393 m, 13 May 2016, <i>Pucha Sect. 520325160513545LY</i> (GZTM), 650 m, 7 Jun. 2003, <i>Z. Y. Liu et al. 2032994</i> (IMC); Dejiang, 720 m, <i>Guizhou Uni. Exped. DJ-0135</i> (GZAC), 493 m, 2 May 2016, <i>M. C. Wang 520381160502097LY</i> (GZTM), 473 m, 21 May 2016, <i>X. G. Lu 522227160521025LY</i> (GZTM); Dushan, 984 m, <i>M. T. An DS-0561</i> (GZAC), 330 m, 25 Aug. 1930, <i>Y. Tsiang 6679</i> (A, IBSC, NAS); Guanling, 24 Nov. 1935, <i>S. W. Teng 1675</i> (IBSC); Guiding, 1908, <i>J. Cavalerie 3340</i> (K); Huangping, 1299 m, 23 Mar. 2017, <i>M. C. Wang 520402170323407LY</i> (GZTM); Jinping, 9 Jun. 1965, <i>J. M. Wang 1196

Derris entadoides Z. Q. Song. The 2022, comb. nov.

1. Derris entadoides (Z. Wei) Z.Q. Song, comb. nov. ≡ Millettia entadoides Z. Wei (1985: 278, fig. 7). Type: — CHINA. Yunnan, Chen-Kang Hsien [Zhenkang County], mountain slope, 1500 m, March 1936, Chi-Wu Wang 72150 (holotype: PE, not seen; isotypes: A00283892!, KUN0645004!, LBG00094202!). Liana large, climbing. Stems cylindric, dark brown, densely scattered with brown lenticels, pithy inside; young shoots yellow tomentose, glabrescent when mature. Stipules ovate-triangular, ca. 2 × 2.5 mm, rounded to acute at apex. Leaves imparipinnate, 9–13-foliolate (usually 11), juvenile at anthesis, reddish when young; rachis 9.7–21.6 cm long, including petiole 5.1–11.6 cm long; leaflet blades oblanceolate to oblong, 4.5–12.8 × 1.5–4.6 cm (ratio usually 2–4), papery to subleathery, glabrous above, appressed puberulent to glabrescent and glaucous beneath, acuminate at apex, cuneate to rounded at base; lateral veins 9–12 on each side of midvein, obvious, looped near margin; petiolules 5.5–6.5 mm long; stipels usually not persistent even on young leaves but occasionally present. Pseudoracemes 5–15 cm long, usually inserted in the leafless axil of leaf on the lower part of branchlets of current year; rachis appressed tawny hairy; brachyblasts distinct, wart-like or knob-like, up to 4 mm long and 1.5 mm wide on the lower part of the inflorescence, with 3–5 flowers on the top of each brachyblast; bracts inserted at base of brachyblasts and pedicels; bracteoles 2, inserted at the base of calyx. Flowers pink, ca. 1.3 cm long; pedicels 0.4–0.6 cm long, appressed tawny hairy; calyx campanulate, green at first and then becoming dark red, 4-lobed, with very short calyx lobes, pubescent outside, tube 2.5–3 mm long; standard blade glabrous, suborbicular, 11.0–11.6 × 10.5–11.5 mm, reflexed, emarginate at the apex, with a yellow-green patch and a 2.5–3.0 mm long claw; wing blade glabrous, oblong, 8.7–9.0 × 3.5 mm, with a 3.0– 3.5 mm long claw; keel blade pocketed at side, pubescent on the outer surface at apex, oblong, 8.8–9.0 × 3.8–4.5 mm, with a 3.0– 3.5 mm long claw; stamen 10, monadelphous, 11.5–12.0 mm long, with two small openings (fenestrae) at base; floral disk indistinct; ovary appressed hairy, with 5–6 ovules; style inflexed, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate. Pods compressed at first and becoming inflated with time, slightly to deeply constricted between seeds, 4.2–15.5 × 2.2–5.1 × 2 cm, pubescent, with a distinct beak at apex, without warts outside, usually indehiscent; sutures thickened; fruiting pedicels 0.4–0.6 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide. Seeds 1–4, large, dark brown, reniform, 3–3.7 × 2.6–2.8 cm. Phenology and habitat: —Flowering from March to April, and fruiting from April to next March. The flowers and leaves develop together. It grows in evergreen forests at elevations of 600–1500 m. Distribution: — China and Thailand. The species is first reported here for the flora of Thailand (Fig. 5). Additional specimens examined. CHINA. Yunnan: Cangyuan, 16 Jun. 1974, Y. H. Li 12254 (HITBC), 680–700 m, 19 Jun. 1974, Y. H. Li 12352 (HITBC, KUN, SYS); Jiangcheng, 22 Jun. 2011, S. S. Zhou 10147 (HITBC), 846 m, 19 June 2020, D. P. Ye 919 (HITBC); Jinghong, 755 m, 21 Nov. 2006, T. Zhang et al. SCSB-B-000273 (KUN), 1300 m, 1987, G. D. Tao 14594 (HITBC, IBSC), 750 m, 9 Aug. 1977, G. D. Tao 16715 (HITBC), 1000 m, 21 Apr. 1957, Sino-USSR Exped. 8056 (IBSC); Jinggu, 950 m, 6 Aug. 2001, H. Wang 4886 (HITBC, IBSC); Lancang, 1400 m, 21 Oct. 1989, G. D. Tao & X. W. Li 39719 (HITBC); Menghai, 1200 m, 29 Oct. 2012, J. W. Li 2683 (HITBC), 1179 m, 31 Mar. 2021, Z. Q. Song 2021019 (IBSC); Mengla, 900 m, 31 Oct. 1983, Exped. 23833 (HITBC), 963 m, 20 Aug. 2020, Z. Q. Song 202039 (IBSC), cultivation, 19 Aug. 2020, Z. Q. Song 202033 (IBSC); Pu’er, 800–1300 m, 20 September 1955, P. I. Mao 6140 (KUN), 900 m, 14 Aug. 1977, G. D. Tao 17384 (HITBC); Shuangjiang, 1050 m, 13 Nov. 1981, Anonymous 2035 (SWFC); Zhenkang, 1500 m, Mar. 1936, C. W. Wang 72150 (A, KUN, LBG). THAILAND. Chiang Mai: Chiang Dao District, 1400 m, 27 Sep. 1994, W. Nanakorn et al. 1846 (HITBC, IBSC). 2. Derris taiwaniana (Hayata) Z.Q. Song, comb. nov. ≡ Pongamia taiwaniana Hayata (1913: 79) ≡ Millettia taiwaniana (Hayata) Hayata (1920: 22) ≡ Whitfordiodendron taiwanianum (Hayata) Ohwi (1936: 660). Type: — CHINA. Taiwan, Taibei, Sankakuyu, 1902, K. Nagai s.n. (syntype, not seen); CHINA. Taiwan, 13 March, S. Yokoyama 27 (syntype, K001414935!). = Millettia pachycarpa Bentham (1852: 250), non Derris pachycarpa Merrill (1922: 312). Type: — INDIA. Upper Assam. Jenkins s.n. (Lectotype: K001415586!, designated here; isolectotypes: K001415584!, K001415585!, L0019105!, NY!, P 02141837!, P 02141838!). = Millettia dunnii Merrill (1918: 139). Type: — CHINA. Guangdong, Boluo, Loh Fau [Luofu] Mountain, in thickets near So Liu Koon, 200 m, 13 August 1917, E. D. Merrill 10861 (holotype: PNH, may be destroyed, photo in A!; isotypes: CAS0007371!, NY00016340!, US 00003978!). = Millettia fooningensis Hu (1955: 360). Type: — CHINA. Yunnan, Foo-ning [Funing County], 550 m, 11 April 1940, Chi-Wu Wang 88378 (holotype: PE00022404!; isotypes: KUN0754399!, KUN0754400!, KUN0754601!, KUN0754602!, KUN0754603!, KUN0755303!). Liana large, climbing. Stems cylindric, dark brown, densely scattered with white to brown lenticels, pithy inside; young shoots yellow tomentose, glabrescent when mature. Stipules ovate-triangular, ca. 3.5 × 3.0 mm. Leaves imparipinnate, 13–17-foliolate (usually 13), juvenile at anthesis, reddish when young; rachis 21.8–38.8 cm long, including petiole 8.6– 14.0 cm long; leaflet blades oblanceolate to oblong, 5.8–20.3 × 2.3–6.1 cm (ratio usually 2–4), papery to subleathery, glabrous above, appressed pubescent to densely hairy beneath, acute to acuminate at apex, cuneate to rounded at base; lateral veins 10–16 on each side of midvein, obvious, looped near margin; petiolules ca. 5 mm long; stipels absent. Pseudoracemes 10.9–39.8 cm long, usually inserted in the leafless axil of leaf on the lower part of branchlets of current year; rachis appressed hairy; brachyblasts distinct, wart-like or knob-like, up to 7–11 mm long on the lower part, with 3–5 flowers on the top of each brachyblast; bracts inserted at base of brachyblasts and pedicels; bracteoles 2, inserted at the base of calyx. Flowers pink, pale purplish white to white, ca. 2.1–2.6 cm long; pedicels 0.7–1.2 cm long, appressed tawny hairy; calyx campanulate, dark red, 5-lobed, pubescent outside, with short calyx lobes, the lower lobe longest, ca. 2 mm long, 4 mm wide, the tube ca. 6 mm long; standard blade glabrous, suborbicular, ca. 2.3 × 2.1 cm, reflexed, emarginate at the apex, with a yellow-green patch and a 3.5–4.5 mm long claw; wing blade pubescent on the outer surface at apex, oblong, ca. 1.8 × 0.7 cm, with a 7 mm long claw; keel blade pocketed at side, pubescent on the outer surface at apex, oblong, 1.6 × 0.7 cm, with a 7 mm long claw; stamen 10, monadelphous, 2.2 cm long, with two small openings (fenestrae) at base; floral disk indistinct; ovary appressed hairy, 2.2 cm long, with 6–8 ovules; style inflexed, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate. Pods inflated, slightly to deeply constricted between seeds, 6.0–14.6 × 3.2–4.1 × 3 cm, glabrous when mature, with a distinct beak at apex, densely covered with warts, usually indehiscent; fruiting pedicels 0.9 cm long. Seeds 1–5, large, dark brown, reniform, 2.1–3.3 × 1.8–2.4 cm. Phenology and habitat: —Flowering from March to June, and fruiting from April to next March. The flowers and leaves develop together. It grows in evergreen forests at elevations of 0–2500 m. Distribution: — Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam (Fig. 5). Notes: —Transfer of Millettia pachycarpa Bentham (1852) to Derris Lour. would lead to a later homonym because of the existence of Derris pachycarpa Merrill (1922: 312). Pongamia taiwaniana Hayata (1913) is the next earliest legitimate name for this species. Therefore, according to Art. 11.4 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018), we made the new combination Derris taiwaniana (Hayata) Z.Q. Song based on Pongamia taiwaniana Hayata. This new combination is not threatened by the nomen nudum “ Derris taiwaniana Matsum. ”, which is merely cited as a synonym of Pongamia taiwaniana, and thus, an invalid name (Art. 36.1, Turland et al. 2018). Additional specimens examined. BHUTAN. Punakha District: 1350 m, 11 Oct. 1984, I. W. J. Sinclair & D. G. Long 5598 (E, K); Tashigang: 1360 m, 18 Jun. 1979, A. J. C. Grierson & D. G. Long 2039 (E, K), 1050 m, 28 Jun. 1979, A. J. C. Grierson & D. G. Long 2350 (E), 3000 ft, 17 Aug. 1915, R. E. Cooper & A. K. Bulley 4504 (BM, E). CHINA. Chongqing: Banan, 19 Nov. 1940, C. Pei 7722 (NAS); Dazu, 100 m, 12 Jul. 1978, Anonymous 440 (SM); Fengdu, 590 m, 12 May 1964, J. A. Wang & Y. X. Wang 59 (CDBI); Hechuan, 11 May 1959, 1-Section 1586 (CDBI); Nanchuan, 500 m, 30 Oct. 1957, G. F. Li 65000 (IBSC, KUN, NAS), 800 m, 12 Oct. 1995, S. R. Yi 15680 (MO), 750 m, 21 Aug. 1990, Z. Y. Liu 12864 (IMC), 200 m, 20 Aug. 1996, Z. Y. Liu 2029201 (IMC); Rongchang, 27 May 1978, Anonymous 30 (SM); Tongliang, 500 m, 27 Aug. 1978, Anonymous 549 (SM); Wulong, 24 Sep. 1978, Anonymous 1224 (SM); Fujian: Dehua, 1250 m, 5 May 1930, P. C. Tsoong 193 (AU, IBSC, PE); Fuzhou, 2 Jun. 1951, T. J. Liu 112 (FJSI), Huaan, 10 Jun. 1959, S. M. Huang 5118 (IBSC), 710 m, 15 Apr. 1987, W. D. Han 20425 (NF), Huai Pin Hsiang, 16 Apr. 1937, H. Migo s.n. (NAS), 11 Jul. 1937, H. Migo s.n. (NAS); Longyan, 260 m, X. F. Zeng ZXF13580 (CZH); Nanan, 850 m, 31 May 1965, Fujian Exped. 2164 (NAS), Nanjing, 400 m, 26 Feb. 1989, H. B. Chen 2252 (FJSI), 450 m, 10 Apr. 1991, H. B. Chen 2553 (MO), 17 May 1942, J. He 1938 (FJSI, PE); Shanghang, 340 m, 5 Sep. 1983, Meihuashan Exped. 9 (FJSI); Xiamen, 27 Oct. 2019, Z. W. Mao 363 (AU); Yanping, 280 m, 24 May 1980, H. Y. Zou 477 (NF), 280 m, 21 Oct. 1980, H. Y. Zou 858 (NF), 14 May 1905, S. T. Dunn 2564 (IBSC); Yongchun, 702 m, 24 Oct. 2018, X. F. Zeng ZXF41394 (CZH); Yongtai, 203 m, 7 Nov. 2012, Q. Tian et al. TQ02522 (CSH), 230 m, 30 May 1931, Y. Lin 316 (AU, IBSC, PE); Guangdong: Boluo, 125 m, 13 Aug. 1917, C. O. Levine 1371 (A), Feb. 27 1930, H. T. Ho 60155 (IBK, NY, IBSC), 30 Jul. 1930, N. K. Chun 41461 (IBK, IBSC, SYS), 26 Feb. 1930, S. P. Ko 50112 (NY, IBSC); Chaoan, 690 m, 6 Dec. 2009, X. F. Zeng 8719 (CZH), 510 m, 3 May 2009, X. F. Zeng ZXF6573 (CZH); Conghua, 24 Nov. 1958, Sino-Germany Exped. 1158 (IBSC); Dabu, 500 m, 2 Nov. 1996, B. H. Chen et al. 83 (IBSC), 350 m, 11 May 1984, Dabu Exped. 489 (IBSC); Dongguan, 2500 ft, 16–17 Mar. 1932, S. Y. Lau 20102 (A, NY, IBSC, SYS); Gaozhou, 6 May 1929, Y. Tsiang 2163 (IBK, IBSC, SYS); Guangzhou, 27 May 1924, To & Tsang 12170 (A, BM, E, MO, NAS, P, US), 16 May 1935, Y. Tsiang 392 (IBK); Heping, 298 m, 1 Jul. 2002, C. M. Tam Y06622 (JJF, SZG); Heyuan, 14 Apr. 1930, C. L. Tso 21552 (IBSC); Huidong, 24 May 1983, B. Y. Chen et al. 461 (IBSC); Jiaoling, 650 m, 25 May 1957, L. Teng 4898 (IBSC, NAS, PE); Lechang, 450 m, 4 Aug. 1986, B. Y. Chen et al. 2626 (IBK, IBSC), 8 May 1929, C. L. Tso 20268 (NY, IBSC), 8 May 1929, C. L. Tso 20271 (IBSC), 17 May 1934, S. P. Ko 54519 (IBK, IBSC, NAS), 300 m, 24 May 1934, S. P. Kuo 80676 (IBSC), 23 Aug. 1950, T. S. Chu 104 (IBSC); Liannan, 18 May 1951, T. S. Chu 60986 (IBSC); Lianzhou, 27 May 1951, T. S. Chu 730 (IBSC); Longchuan, 24 Jul. 1990, B. H. Chen 992 (IBSC); Longmen, 250 m, 17 May 1986, Nanling Exped. 2155 (IBSC); Maoming, 280 m, 30 Apr. 1957, Zhanjiang Exped. 4087 (IBSC); Nanxiong, 21 Aug. 1985, Z. Y. Li 739 (MO); Qujiang, 14 Jun. 1985, Z. Y. Li 624 (MO); Raoping, 16 Apr. 1931, N. K. Chun 42677 (IBK, IBSC); Ruyuan, 20 Aug. 1935, C. S. Chung 10867 (IBSC), 25 Oct. 1938, S. K. Lau 29096 (IBK, IBSC), 21 Jul. 1941, S. K. Lau 29618 (IBSC); Shenzhen, 9 Dec. 1999, F. W. Xing & Y. X. Zhang 12126 (IBSC), 400 m, 17 Oct. 1992, J. F. Chen 2275 (SZG), 100–200 m, 25 Apr. 2005, S. Z. Zhang et al. 587 (PE, SZG), 100–200 m, 10 May 2005, S. Z. Zhang et al. 1291 (PE, SZG); Shixing, 150 m, 11 Aug. 1958, L. Teng 7166 (IBSC, NAS), 27 Jul. 1985, X. B. Ye 35010 (MO); Wengyuan, 22 Sep. 1933, S. K. Lau 2382 (A, SYS), 23 Nov. 1939, S. K. Lau 25293 (IBK, IBSC); Xinfeng, 1–19 Jun. 1938, Y. W. Taam 859 (P, IBSC); Xinxing, 3 Oct. 1958, Y. S. Lau 2434 (IBSC); Xinyi, 18 Jul. 1931, C. Wang 30979 (IBK, IBSC, SYS), 25 Apr. 1932, C. Wang 32211 (IBK), 29 Nov. 1951, T. S. Chu 1137 (IBSC); Yangchun, 4 Nov. 1935, C. Wang 38641 (IBK, IBSC), 300 m, 6 Sep. 1990, Yunkai Exped. 46 (IBSC); Yangshan, 29 Jul. 1936, L. Teng 206 (IBSC), 400 m, 17 Sep. 1985, Nanling Exped. 1463 (IBSC), Jul. –Sep. 1932, T. M. Tsui 762 (A, MO, NY, IBSC, NAS, PE, SYS); Yingde, 18 Oct. 1931, Anonymous 61400 (IBSC), 11 May 1931, H. Y. Liang 60953 (IBK, IBSC, PE), 14 Jan. 1929, Y. K. Wang 510 (A, IBSC, K, MO, P, PE), 9 Jun. 1985, Z. Y. Li 576 (MO); Yunfou, 10–22 Feb. 1928, Y. Tsiang 1892 (NAS); Yunfu, 26 Mar. 1955, C. Wang & L. Teng 501 (IBSC), 19 Nov. 1934, L. Teng 10116 (IBSC); Zhaoqing, 6 Jun. 1975, G. L. Shi 11457 (IBSC), 9 Aug. 1977, G. L. Shi 13089 (IBSC); Guangxi: Baise, 20 Apr. 1936, Kwangsi Prov. Mus. 11188 (IBSC), 2000 ft, 12 Sep. 1928, R. C. Ching 7359 (A, NY, IBSC, NAS); Bama, 26 Apr. 1957, Y. K. Li P01014 (IBK); Cangwu, 200 m, 21 Jul. 1956, S. H. Chun 9954 (IBSC), 200 m, 21 Jul. 1956, S. H. Chun 9956 (IBK, KUN, LBG); Chongzuo, 251 m, 27 Mar. 2015, Y. T. Peng et al. 451402150327042LY (GXMG); Dahua, 355 m, 23 Apr. 2018, D. X. Nong et al. 451029180423017LY (GXMG); Daxin, 29 Jul. 2016, Y. T. Peng et al. 451424160729013LY (GXMG), 26 Jul. 1958, Z. X. Zhang et al. 3842 (IBK); Debao, 613 m, 26 Jun. 2015, Debao Exped. 451024160626122LY (GXMG, IBK); Donglan, 200 m, 18 Jan. 1958, C. C. Chang 11364 (IBK, IBSC); Du’an, 21 Apr. 1978, Du’an Exped. 4-10-0232 (GXMI), 5 Jul. 1957, Y. K. Li P01613 (IBK); Fengshan, 933 m, 2 Apr. 2013, B. Y. Huang et al. 451223130402046LY (GXMG), 696 m, 25 Aug. 2013, D. X. Nong et al. 451223130825037LY (GXMG), 750 m, 26 Oct. 2012, H. Z. Lv et al. 451223121026048LY (GXMG); Fusui, 24 Apr. 1957, S. H. Chun 12047 (IBK, IBSC, KUN); Guanyang, 209 m, 26 Nov. 2015, Guanyang Exped. 450327151126006LY (GXMG, IBK); Guilin, 28 Oct. 1950, C. S. Chung 808606 (IBK, IBSC, PE); Hechi, 11 Jun. 1928, Anonymous 92059 (IBK); Hengxian, 30 Apr. 1957, Z. Z. Chen 50352 (IBK); Hexian, 200 m, 20 Oct. 1989, Daguishan Exped. 81028 (GXMI); Huanjiang, 500 m, 23 Oct. 1991, Dian-Qian-Gui Exped. 70158 (IBK), 236 m, 20 Jul. 2013, Huangjiang Exped. 451226130720003LY (GXMG, IBK); Jingxi, 26 Jul. 1977, Y. Lin 3-54276 (GXMI); Jinxiu, 24 Feb. 1954, Anonymous 24 (IBK), 18 Apr. 1982, Dayaoshan Exped. 14381 (IBSC), 310 m, 19 Apr. 1982, Dayaoshan Exped. 14411 (MO, IBSC), 500 m, 22 Nov. 1981, Dayaoshan Exped. 811983 (GXMI), 9 May 1929, S. S. Sin 8222 (IBSC), 28 Jun. 1934, S. S. Sin 23356 (IBK, IBSC), 11 Dec. 1958, Y. C. Chen 1163 (IBK); Laibin, 3 Aug. 1977, Y. A. Shi 574-92 (GXMI); Leye, 5 May 1960, Lingle Exped. 33022 (IBK), 1250 m, 14 May 1960, Lingle Exped. 33115 (IBK), 23 Jun. 1960, N. K. Liang 10173 (GXMI), 19 Jun. 1960, N. K. Liang 11115 (GXMI), 882 m, 10 Sep. 2013, X. Y. Huang et al. 451028130910030LY (GXMG); Lingchuan, 615 m, 17 May 2013, Lingchuan Exped. 450323130517016LY (GXMG, IBK); Lingui, 12 Jan. 1953, L. H. Chun 93247 (IBK, MO, IBSC, PE), 189 m, 11 Aug. 2015, Lingui Exped. 450322150811023LY (GXMG), 12 May 1964, X. Z. Zheng 249 (GXMI); Lingyun, 18 Jul. 1933, A. N. Steward & H. C. Cheo 711 (P), 21 Dec. 1958, C. T. Ting & J. Z. Wang 1336 (NAS), 17 Apr. 1957, C. Wang 43053 (IBSC), 8 Dec. 1984, Guangxi Exped. 327 (GXMI), 350 m, 10 Sep. 1989, Huanan Exped. 1180 (IBSC), 450 m, 8 Oct. 1989, Huanan Exped. 2338 (IBSC), 617 m, 21 Mar. 2013, Lingyun Exped. 451027130321036 (GXMG, GXMI), 14 Jul. 1937, S. K. Lau 28639 (IBK, IBSC, KUN, PE); Longan, 24 Apr. 1978, X. X. Chen & Y. P. Huang 2-281 (GXMI); Longlin, 650 m, 24 Jul. 1959, Anonymous 604 (HGAS), 24 Jul. 1959, Anshun Exped. 604 (KUN), 800 m, 5 Nov. 1957, C. C. Chang 10812 (IBK, IBSC, KUN), 1 May 1957, C. F. Liang & T. L. Wu 32033 (IBK, IBSC), 560 m, 14 Oct. 1957, Nanzhidi 4593 (IBK, IBSC), 1000 m, 10 Sep. 1987, S. Q. Tang et al. 130 (IBK); Longsheng, 480 m, 13 May 2014, Longsheng Exped. 450328140513016LY (GXMG), 3 May 1987, X. X. Chen & D. R. Liang 6133 (GXMI); Longzhou, 550 m, 23 Dec. 1957, P. C. Tam 57590 (IBSC); Luocheng, 21 Apr. 1978, Luocheng Exped. 4-1-086 (GXMI), 179 m, 21 Apr. 2013, Luocheng Exped. 451225130421004LY (IBK); Nandan, 2500 m, 22 Jun. 1937, C. Wang 40840 (IBK, IBSC, PE); Nanning, 25 Mar. 1959, D. Fang 1907 (GXMI); Napo, 1400 m, 9 Dec. 1958, C. C. Chang 13506 (IBK, IBSC), 19 Oct. 1962, C. C. Lee 1215 (IBK), 22 Dec. 1958, C. T. Li 602312 (IBK, PE), 1250 m, 4 Jan. 1959, C. T. Li 602533 (IBK), 1200 m, 23 Apr. 1981, D. Fang et al. 22420 (GXMI), 10 Oct. 1935, S. P. Ko 55892 (IBSC); Ningming, 12 Oct. 1958, C. C. Chang 12167 (IBK, IBSC, KUN), 9 Jun. 1959, H. Q. Li 40911 (IBK), 15 Nov. 1959, X. F. Deng 10591 (IBK); Pingguo, 13 Oct. 2015, H. Z. Lv et al. 451023151013061LY (GXMG); Pingle, 22 Dec. 1958, S. Q. Zhong A62834 (KUN, PE); Pingxiang, 377 m, 15 Apr. 2016, Y. Y. Xie et al. 451481160415005LY (GXMG); Qinxian, 330 m, 1 Aug. 1958, C. C. Chen 490 (IBSC); Quanzhou, 344 m, 30 Jan. 2013, Quanzhou Exped. 450324130130027LY (GXMG, IBK); Rongshui, 700 m, 5 Jun. 1959, Liuzhou Exped. 2346 (IBK); Shanglin, 19 Apr. 1978, Shanglin Exped. 2-432 (GXMI), 20 Apr. 1978, Shanglin Exped. 2-439 (GXMI); Shangsi, 13 Jul. 1959, H. Q. Li 40865 (IBK), 30 m, 7 Jan. 1944, S. H. Chun 4288 (IBSC); Tiandeng, 730 m, 29 Apr. 2015, H. Z. Lv et al. 451425150429044LY (GXMG); Tiandong, 17 Sep. 1977, S. G. Wang 3-15226 (GXMI), 146 m, 26 Mar. 2018, Tiandong Exped. 451022180326024LY (GXMG); Tian’e, 23 Aug. 1958, C. T. Li 601326 (IBK, KUN), 17 Jul. 1977, Tiane Exped. 4-6-613 (GXMI); Tianlin, 200 m, 5 Jun. 1958, C. T. Li 600614 (IBK, IBSC, KUN), 16 Jun. 1936, H. Y. Liang 67725 (IBK, IBSC), 600 m, 18 Apr. 1989, Hongshuihe Exped. 89-69 (PE), 320 m, 21 Mar. 2013, Tianlin Exped. 451029130321001 (GXMG), 1072 m, 22 Apr. 2013, Tianlin Exped. 4510291300422040 (GXMG); Tianyang, 21 Nov. 2002, N. Li et al. 11280 (SZG), 676 m, 23 May 2016, Tianyang Exped. 451021160523031LY (GXMG); Tze-an, 1400 ft, 3 Jul. 1928, R. C. Ching 6341 (A, NY, US, IBSC, NAS, PE); Wuming, 21 Apr. 1978, G. G. Xie 2-106 (GXMI); Xingan, 400 m, 16 May 2016, Xingan Exped. 450325160516005LY (GXMG); Yangshuo, 9 May 1954, C. S. Chung 31292 (IBK), 280 m, 1 Nov. 1963, Z. Z. Chen 53271 (IBK); Yao-shan, S. S. Sin 592 (IBSC); Yongfu, 425 m, 25 Mar. 2013, Yongfu Exped. 450326130325030LY (GXMG, IBK); Yulin, 26 May 1959, Y. K. Li 404459 (IBK); Zhaoping, 26 Oct. 1958, Y. K. Li 403556 (IBK, IBSC). Guizhou: Anlong, 1000 m, 12 May 1960, Guizhou Exped. 2393 (NAS, PE), 500 m, 14 May 1960, Guizhou Exped. 2616 (NAS), 1100 m, 9 Jun. 1960, Guizhou Exped. 3185 (HGAS, NAS), 700 m, 16 May 1960, Guizhou Exped. 3449 (HGAS), 1200 m, 15 Jun. 1960, Guizhou Exped. 3534 (HGAS), 1300 m, 20 May 1960, Guizhou Exped. 3646 (HGAS), 900 m, 24 May 1960, Guizhou Exped. 3741 (HGAS), 1100 m, 12 Jun. 1960, Guizhou Exped. 4343 (HGAS), 1700 m, 15 Jun. 1960, Guizhou Exped. 4534 (NAS), 28 Sep. 1985, J. B. Zuo 75-007 (GFS); Bijie, 648 m, 22 Nov. 2016, S. Y. Peng 522401161122009LY (GZTM); Ceheng, 600 m, 3 May 2005, F. C. Wang 637 (HITBC, PE), 4 Nov. 1930, Y. Tsiang 9204 (A, NY, IBSC, NAS), 23 Oct. 1980, Z. L. Ding & H. H. Zhang 25 (GFS); Chishui, 500 m, 10 Apr. 1959, Bijie Exped. 1162 (KUN), 850 m, 25 Sep. 1959, Bijie Exped. 1744 (KUN), 430 m, 27 Jul. 1998, D. X. Wang 2073 (GFS), 28 Mar. 1986, H. H. Zhang 1204 (GFS), 5 Apr. 1986, H. H. Zhang 1322 (GFS), 500 m, 22 Jul. 1995, Z. T. Wang & Z. Y. Cao 57 (PE); Congjiang, 430 m, 7 May 1982, J. M. Yuan 838 (HGAS); Daozhen, 393 m, 13 May 2016, Pucha Sect. 520325160513545LY (GZTM), 650 m, 7 Jun. 2003, Z. Y. Liu et al. 2032994 (IMC); Dejiang, 720 m, Guizhou Uni. Exped. DJ-0135 (GZAC), 493 m, 2 May 2016, M. C. Wang 520381160502097LY (GZTM), 473 m, 21 May 2016, X. G. Lu 522227160521025LY (GZTM); Dushan, 984 m, M. T. An DS-0561 (GZAC), 330 m, 25 Aug. 1930, Y. Tsiang 6679 (A, IBSC, NAS); Guanling, 24 Nov. 1935, S. W. Teng 1675 (IBSC); Guiding, 1908, J. Cavalerie 3340 (K); Huangping, 1299 m, 23 Mar. 2017, M. C. Wang 520402170323407LY (GZTM); Jinping, 9 Jun. 1965, J. M. Wang 1196 (GFS); Kaiyang, 610 m, 23 Sep. 1983, M. Z. Yang 1570 (HGAS), 900 m, 24 Sep. 1983, M. Z. Yang 1664 (HGAS); Libo, 25 Jul. 1959, Libo Exped. 1384 (HGAS, PE), 730 m, 8 May 1981, M. Z. Yang 810274 (HGAS), 350 m, 2 May 1983, X. H. Song 657 (NF), 650 m, 22 May 1983, X. H. Song 857 (NF), 780 m, 1 Oct. 1983, X. H. Song 1111 (NF), 350 m, 2 May 1983, Xiang-Hou Song et al. 657 (K, MO), 650 m, 22 May 1983, Xiang-Hou Song et al. 857 (K), 545 m, 14 May 1982, Y. K. Li 9427 (HGAS, PE); Liping, 350 m, 16 Jun. 1981, D. F. Huang 766 (HGAS, NAS); Luodian, 200 m, 27 Mar. 1960, Guizhou Exped. 44 (HGAS), 180 m, 29 Mar. 1960, Guizhou Exped. 375 (HGAS), 621 m, 2 Nov. 2015, Luodian Exped. 522728151102005LY (GZTM), 1026 m, 23 Oct. 2015, M. C. Wang GYZ20151023017 (GYBG), 600 m, 6 Apr. 1959, S. Guizhou Exped. 257 (HGAS, KUN), 200 m, 8 Apr. 1959, S. Guizhou Exped. 368 (KUN), 10 Apr. 1959, S. Guizhou Exped. 766 (HGAS); Pingtang, 22 Apr. 1965, Anonymous 31 (HGAS), 700 m, 22 Apr. 1965, Anonymous 74 (HGAS); Renhuai, 10 Oct. 1929, P. C. Tsoong 146 (PE); Rongjiang, 480 m, 2 Aug. 1965, Z. P. Jian et al. 51357 (HGAS, KUN); Sandu, 630 m, 29 Aug. 2004, J. Y. Ping 31 (HITBC, PE), 6 Jan. 1960, S. Guizhou Exped. 21 (HGAS), 500– 303 m, 27 Oct. 1980, Y. K. Li et al. 8541 (HGAS, IBSC, KUN); Suiyang, 1123 m, 3 Jun. 2015, M. C. Wang GYZ201506030103 (GYBG); Taijiang, 12 May 2001, M. T. An 210 (GFS); Tongzi, 200 m, 7 Feb. 1931, Y. Tsiang 8054 (A, NY, IBSC, NAS); Wanmo, 28 Jun. 1973, Anonymous 79 (HGAS), 750 m, 21 Jun. 1965, Anonymous 8

Achieving high resolution measurement using laser diode operating at period one

Copyright 2019 SPIE. When a part of light emitted by a laser is back-reflected or back-scattered from an external target and re-enters the laser cavity, both the laser intensity and its wavelength can be modulated. This is so-called self-mixing effect (SME), the optical feedback interferometry (OFI) utilizes such effect in an LD developed various applications. In this paper, we use a dualcavity OFI system that operating in period one state, the laser intensity from this system exhibits an oscillation with its amplitude modulated by a traditional single cavity OFI signal. The dual-cavity OFI system has the same measurement resolution as the single cavity which is half laser wavelength. This paper developed a method to improve the resolution by using fringe subdivision. Our simulation result shows that this method can achieve subnanometer resolution

Generation of a tunable Dual-frequency source by operating a laser at Period-one

A novel method for the generation of a tunable dual-frequency laser source is presented. The proposed system uses a laser diode with optical feedback and operating at period-one (P1) oscillation state. Through investigation on the optical spectra of the laser at this state, dual-frequency components can be obtained and the separation (i.e., the difference) of the two frequencies can be flexibly adjusted from 2.72GHz to 3.12GHz by varying the external cavity length. Such dual-frequency feature and its tunable range have many potential applications for both optical and microwave measurement. The paper also presents an example of application by the proposed system, where a dual-frequency laser Doppler velocimeter (DV) is implemented for high-resolution target detection

Toluene-styrene secondary acclimation improved the styrene removal ability of biotrickling filter

In this work, ceramic pellets were used as packing material to establish a biotrickling filter (BTF) with acclimated sludge being inoculated on the surface of the packing to purify waste gas containing styrene. A method of toluene-styrene secondary acclimation was applied to achieve rapid formation of biological films. Results showed that the total time of start-up was 48 days and the removal efficiency (RE) of styrene reached up to 95%. The suitable empty bed residence time (EBRT) was obtained that is 57 s for higher RE of styrene with the inlet loading rates of 6.7–271.6 g/m3/h. The pH and moisture content showed small effect on styrene removal indicating that the operation of BTF was stable. Biomass accumulation was normal and its rising velocity under the condition of short EBRT was faster than that of long EBRT