A MULTISCALE STUDY ON THE ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO

The elastic constants play a crucial role in the rigidity designing and numerical model building of bamboo, thus it will enhance the accuracy of numerical model to obtaining the elastic constants fully and accurately. In this paper, the elastic properties of bamboo, bamboo fiber and bamboo parenchyma were studied systematically, and the elastic constant map of bamboo was plotted. The results would provide significant theoretical foundation for the numerical simulation of bamboo and the design and manufacture of new biomimetic materials, meanwhile the experimental design would also provide important reference for the test of other bamboo species and biologic materials

Phthalate Concentrations in Personal Care Products and the Cumulative Exposure to Female Adults and Infants in Shanghai

<div><p>Phthalate esters (PE) are synthetic chemicals widely used in industry, and have been detected in personal care products (PCP). Recent findings of human reports demonstrated endocrine-disrupting action associated with phthalate exposures. The aims of this study were to (1) measure levels of 11 PE in 198 PCP collected from retail markets in Shanghai and (2) assess daily dermal exposure in adult females and infants. The health risk of cumulative exposure to eight PE on reproductive system function derived from dermal PCP use was further assessed by utilizing the hazard index (HI) approach. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) was the most frequently detected compound (29.8%), followed by diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) (6.6%). The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of daily exposure to DEP, bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate (DMEP), DiBP, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diphenyl phthalate (DPP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in female adults were 0.018, 0.012, 0.002, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.002 μg/kg body weight (bw)/d, respectively. The GM daily exposure levels to PE in infants and adult females were similar except for DEHP, which was higher in infants. DEP exposure was highest in both subpopulations at either GM or maximal level. All HI of 8 PE were far less than 1, ranging from 0.0002 to 0.005, indicating no cumulative reproductive risks to these populations. DBP, DMEP, and DEHP were three major contributors to the cumulative HI. In summary, the level of phthalate in PCP from Shanghai retail markets posed no apparent cumulative risk to adult females and infants in China.</p></div