320 research outputs found
Target-oriented Sentiment Classification with Sequential Cross-modal Semantic Graph
Multi-modal aspect-based sentiment classification (MABSC) is task of
classifying the sentiment of a target entity mentioned in a sentence and an
image. However, previous methods failed to account for the fine-grained
semantic association between the image and the text, which resulted in limited
identification of fine-grained image aspects and opinions. To address these
limitations, in this paper we propose a new approach called SeqCSG, which
enhances the encoder-decoder sentiment classification framework using
sequential cross-modal semantic graphs. SeqCSG utilizes image captions and
scene graphs to extract both global and local fine-grained image information
and considers them as elements of the cross-modal semantic graph along with
tokens from tweets. The sequential cross-modal semantic graph is represented as
a sequence with a multi-modal adjacency matrix indicating relationships between
elements. Experimental results show that the approach outperforms existing
methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance on two standard datasets.
Further analysis has demonstrated that the model can implicitly learn the
correlation between fine-grained information of the image and the text with the
given target. Our code is available at https://github.com/zjukg/SeqCSG.Comment: ICANN 2023, https://github.com/zjukg/SeqCS
Multi-task deep learning for large-scale building detail extraction from high-resolution satellite imagery
Understanding urban dynamics and promoting sustainable development requires
comprehensive insights about buildings. While geospatial artificial
intelligence has advanced the extraction of such details from Earth
observational data, existing methods often suffer from computational
inefficiencies and inconsistencies when compiling unified building-related
datasets for practical applications. To bridge this gap, we introduce the
Multi-task Building Refiner (MT-BR), an adaptable neural network tailored for
simultaneous extraction of spatial and attributional building details from
high-resolution satellite imagery, exemplified by building rooftops, urban
functional types, and roof architectural types. Notably, MT-BR can be
fine-tuned to incorporate additional building details, extending its
applicability. For large-scale applications, we devise a novel spatial sampling
scheme that strategically selects limited but representative image samples.
This process optimizes both the spatial distribution of samples and the urban
environmental characteristics they contain, thus enhancing extraction
effectiveness while curtailing data preparation expenditures. We further
enhance MT-BR's predictive performance and generalization capabilities through
the integration of advanced augmentation techniques. Our quantitative results
highlight the efficacy of the proposed methods. Specifically, networks trained
with datasets curated via our sampling method demonstrate improved predictive
accuracy relative to those using alternative sampling approaches, with no
alterations to network architecture. Moreover, MT-BR consistently outperforms
other state-of-the-art methods in extracting building details across various
metrics. The real-world practicality is also demonstrated in an application
across Shanghai, generating a unified dataset that encompasses both the spatial
and attributional details of buildings
Changes in Volatile Profiles and Activity of Hydroperoxide Lyase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase During the Development of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
In this study we focused on the development of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and investigated changes in theactivity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) in different tissues. We sampledgrape skin at four, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks after anthesis; developing flowers whenblooming at 0%, 5%, 50%, and 90%; and leaves at two and four weeks before anthesis and at two, four,six, eight, nine, and 10 weeks after anthesis. We also examined the type and fluctuation of volatile contents.ADH activity increased with the development of flowers and grape skins, which led to the increasing oftypes and concentration of alcohols. Low levels of 9-HPL led to low concentrations of C9 compounds.According to this paper, C6 compounds became abundant with the development of grape berries, while theactivity of 13-HPL kept at a low level in the flowers and grape skins. There might have been a high level of13-HPL activity from the end of flowering until fruit setting that we did not detect. Furthermore, similarC6 and C5 compounds were detected across all tissues, including hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal,(Z)-2-penten-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol and 3-hexen-1-ol. Generally speaking, the concentrations ofC6 and C5 compounds could be used as the criterion of maturation of the three grape tissues
Antiaging Effect of Pine Pollen in Human Diploid Fibroblasts and in a Mouse Model Induced by D-Galactose
The present paper was designed to investigate the effect of pine pollen against aging in human diploid fibroblast 2BS cells and in an accelerated aging model, which was established by subcutaneous injections with D-galactose daily for 8 weeks in C57BL/6J mice. Pine pollen (1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL) is proved to delay the replicative senescence of 2BS cells as evidenced by enhanced cell proliferation, decreased SA-β-Gal activity, and reversed expression of senescence-associated molecular markers, such as p53, p21Waf1, p16INK4a, PTEN, and p27Kip1 in late PD cells. Besides, pine pollen reversed D-galactose-induced aging effects in neural activity and inflammatory cytokine levels, as indicated by improved memory latency time and reduced error rate in step-down test and decreased concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in model mice. Similar to the role of AGEs (advanced glycation endproducts) formation inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG), pine pollen inhibited D-galactose-induced increment of AGEs levels thus reversed the aging phenotypes in model mice. Furthermore, the declined antioxidant activity was obviously reversed upon pine pollen treatment, which may account for its inhibitory effect on nonenzymatic glycation (NEG) in vivo. Our finding presents pine pollen as an attractive agent with potential to retard aging and attenuate age-related diseases in humans
miR-379 deletion ameliorates features of diabetic kidney disease by enhancing adaptive mitophagy via FIS1
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes. Expression of members of the microRNA (miRNA) miR-379 cluster is increased in DKD. miR-379, the most upstream 5′-miRNA in the cluster, functions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by targeting EDEM3. However, the in vivo functions of miR-379 remain unclear. We created miR-379 knockout (KO) mice using CRISPR-Cas9 nickase and dual guide RNA technique and characterized their phenotype in diabetes. We screened for miR-379 targets in renal mesangial cells from WT vs. miR-379KO mice using AGO2-immunopreciptation and CLASH (cross-linking, ligation, sequencing hybrids) and identified the redox protein thioredoxin and mitochondrial fission-1 protein. miR-379KO mice were protected from features of DKD as well as body weight loss associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, ER- and oxidative stress. These results reveal a role for miR-379 in DKD and metabolic processes via reducing adaptive mitophagy. Strategies targeting miR-379 could offer therapeutic options for DKD
Transcriptome Phase Distribution Analysis Reveals Diurnal Regulated Biological Processes and Key Pathways in Rice Flag Leaves and Seedling Leaves
Plant diurnal oscillation is a 24-hour period based variation. The correlation between diurnal genes and biological pathways was widely revealed by microarray analysis in different species. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major food staple for about half of the world's population. The rice flag leaf is essential in providing photosynthates to the grain filling. However, there is still no comprehensive view about the diurnal transcriptome for rice leaves. In this study, we applied rice microarray to monitor the rhythmically expressed genes in rice seedling and flag leaves. We developed a new computational analysis approach and identified 6,266 (10.96%) diurnal probe sets in seedling leaves, 13,773 (24.08%) diurnal probe sets in flag leaves. About 65% of overall transcription factors were identified as flag leaf preferred. In seedling leaves, the peak of phase distribution was from 2:00am to 4:00am, whereas in flag leaves, the peak was from 8:00pm to 2:00am. The diurnal phase distribution analysis of gene ontology (GO) and cis-element enrichment indicated that, some important processes were waken by the light, such as photosynthesis and abiotic stimulus, while some genes related to the nuclear and ribosome involved processes were active mostly during the switch time of light to dark. The starch and sucrose metabolism pathway genes also showed diurnal phase. We conducted comparison analysis between Arabidopsis and rice leaf transcriptome throughout the diurnal cycle. In summary, our analysis approach is feasible for relatively unbiased identification of diurnal transcripts, efficiently detecting some special periodic patterns with non-sinusoidal periodic patterns. Compared to the rice flag leaves, the gene transcription levels of seedling leaves were relatively limited to the diurnal rhythm. Our comprehensive microarray analysis of seedling and flag leaves of rice provided an overview of the rice diurnal transcriptome and indicated some diurnal regulated biological processes and key functional pathways in rice
White Pepper and Piperine Have Different Effects on Pharmacokinetics of Puerarin in Rats
This study attempted to explore the effects of white pepper and its major component piperine on puerarin administered to rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of puerarin in rats were determined by oral administration (400 mg/kg) or intravenous injection (40 mg/kg) of puerarin, pretreated with or without white pepper and piperine given orally. Compared to the control group given oral puerarin only, the combined use of piperine (10 or 20 mg/kg) increased the Cmax of puerarin by 1.30-fold or 1.64-fold and the AUC0–∞ by 133% or 157%, respectively. In contrast, coadministration of white pepper (125 or 250 mg/kg) decreased oral absorption of puerarin to 83% or 74%, respectively. On the other hand, pretreatment with piperine orally did not alter the intravenous pharmacokinetics of puerarin, while the AUC of puerarin after intravenous administration was increased by pretreatment with white pepper. The results indicate that pretreatment with piperine or pepper exerts different effects on pharmacokinetics of puerarin administrated via intragastric and intravenous routes. Therefore, it is suggested that the combined application of piperine or white pepper with puerarin should be carefully monitored for potential diet-drug interactions
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