Inhibition of the bioavailability of heavy metals in sewage sludge biochar by adding two stabilizers - Fig 7

<p>HR-XPS patterns of the samples: raw SSB (a), (d), (g), (j); SSBFA4 (b), (e), (h), (k); SSBCS4 (c), (f), (j), (l). (SSBFA4 and SSBCS4 are SSB incorporated with 4% FA and 4% CS, respectively).</p

Heavy metal concentrations in plant received in different pot treatments with adding SS, SSB (0% stabilizer) and SSB with FA or CS incorporated at 2% or 4% (CK is no SS or SSB applied).

<p>Heavy metal concentrations in plant received in different pot treatments with adding SS, SSB (0% stabilizer) and SSB with FA or CS incorporated at 2% or 4% (CK is no SS or SSB applied).</p

Total heavy metal concentrations in raw SSB (0% stabilizer) and SSB with FA or CS incorporated at 1%, 2% or 4%.

<p>Total heavy metal concentrations in raw SSB (0% stabilizer) and SSB with FA or CS incorporated at 1%, 2% or 4%.</p

Heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) of the soil, sewage sludge (SS), fulvic acid (FA) and phosphogypsum (CS).

<p>Heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) of the soil, sewage sludge (SS), fulvic acid (FA) and phosphogypsum (CS).</p

Plants biomass yields in different pot treatments with adding SS, SSB (0% stabilizer) and SSB with FA or CS incorporated at 2% or 4% (CK is no SS or SSB applied).

<p>Plants biomass yields in different pot treatments with adding SS, SSB (0% stabilizer) and SSB with FA or CS incorporated at 2% or 4% (CK is no SS or SSB applied).</p

Available heavy metal concentrations (DTPA-CaCl₂-TEA-available) in raw SSB (0% stabilizer) and SSB with FA or CS incorporated at 1%, 2% or 4%.

<p>Available heavy metal concentrations (DTPA-CaCl₂-TEA-available) in raw SSB (0% stabilizer) and SSB with FA or CS incorporated at 1%, 2% or 4%.</p

Efficient Removal of Co²⁺ from Aqueous Solution by 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Functionalized Montmorillonite with Enhanced Adsorption Capacity - Fig 4

<p>Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of Ca-Mt (a) and APTES-Mts (c); BJH pore size distribution of Ca-Mt (b) and APTES-Mts (d).</p

Distribution of Co(II) species under different pH values.

<p>Distribution of Co(II) species under different pH values.</p

Equilibrium isotherm model parameters for Co²⁺ adsorption onto APTES-Mts.

<p>Equilibrium isotherm model parameters for Co²⁺ adsorption onto APTES-Mts.</p

Effect of ionic strength (K⁺) on the adsorption of Co²⁺ by APTES-Mts.

<p>Effect of ionic strength (K⁺) on the adsorption of Co²⁺ by APTES-Mts.</p