6,745 research outputs found
Patients with basal ganglia damage show preserved learning in an economic game.
Both basal ganglia (BG) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have been widely implicated in social and non-social decision-making. However, unlike OFC damage, BG pathology is not typically associated with disturbances in social functioning. Here we studied the behavior of patients with focal lesions to either BG or OFC in a multi-strategy competitive game known to engage these regions. We find that whereas OFC patients are significantly impaired, BG patients show intact learning in the economic game. By contrast, when information about the strategic context is absent, both cohorts are significantly impaired. Computational modeling further shows a preserved ability in BG patients to learn by anticipating and responding to the behavior of others using the strategic context. These results suggest that apparently divergent findings on BG contribution to social decision-making may instead reflect a model where higher-order learning processes are dissociable from trial-and-error learning, and can be preserved despite BG damage
A micromachined flow shear-stress sensor based on thermal transfer principles
Microhot-film shear-stress sensors have been developed by using surface micromachining techniques. The sensor consists of a suspended silicon-nitride diaphragm located on top of a vacuum-sealed cavity. A heating and heat-sensing element, made of polycrystalline silicon material, resides on top of the diaphragm. The underlying vacuum cavity greatly reduces conductive heat loss to the substrate and therefore increases the sensitivity of the sensor. Testing of the sensor has been conducted in a wind tunnel under three operation modes-constant current, constant voltage, and constant temperature. Under the constant-temperature mode, a typical shear-stress sensor exhibits a time constant of 72 μs
Looking Through the Glass: Neural Surface Reconstruction Against High Specular Reflections
Neural implicit methods have achieved high-quality 3D object surfaces under
slight specular highlights. However, high specular reflections (HSR) often
appear in front of target objects when we capture them through glasses. The
complex ambiguity in these scenes violates the multi-view consistency, then
makes it challenging for recent methods to reconstruct target objects
correctly. To remedy this issue, we present a novel surface reconstruction
framework, NeuS-HSR, based on implicit neural rendering. In NeuS-HSR, the
object surface is parameterized as an implicit signed distance function (SDF).
To reduce the interference of HSR, we propose decomposing the rendered image
into two appearances: the target object and the auxiliary plane. We design a
novel auxiliary plane module by combining physical assumptions and neural
networks to generate the auxiliary plane appearance. Extensive experiments on
synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that NeuS-HSR outperforms
state-of-the-art approaches for accurate and robust target surface
reconstruction against HSR. Code is available at
https://github.com/JiaxiongQ/NeuS-HSR.Comment: 17 pages, 20 figure
Plasma Orexin-A Levels in COPD Patients with Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Orexins have previously been shown to promote wakefulness, regulate lipid metabolism and participate in energy homeostasis. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between plasma orexin-A and body composition in COPD in-patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure. 40 patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure and 22 healthy individuals were enrolled prospectively in this study. Plasma orexin-A levels, BMI, SaO2, PaCO2 and PaO2 were noted for all the patients. Plasma orexin-A levels were higher in the underweight (UW) group, normal weight (NW) group and overweight (OW) group of COPD patients as compared with UW, NW and OW group of the control group (P < .05). Plasma orexin-A in COPD patients were higher in the OW group than in the NW group and the UW group. Plasma orexin-A levels showed significant correlation with body mass index (BMI), independent of PaO2 (r = 0.576; P < .05) and %fat (r = 0.367; P < .05); a negative correlation was noted between plasma orexin-A levels and PaO2 (r = −0.738; P < .05) and SaO2 (r = −0.616; P < .05). Our results suggest that orexin-A levels are high in COPD patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure, and vary according to BMI and body composition. Orexin-A may be associated with the severity of hypoxemia in COPD patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure
FAST polarization mapping of the SNR VRO 42.05.01
We have obtained the polarization data cube of the VRO 42.05.01 supernova
remnant at 1240 MHz using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio
Telescope (FAST). Three-dimensional Faraday Synthesis is applied to the FAST
data to derive the Faraday depth spectrum. The peak Faraday depth map shows a
large area of enhanced foreground RM of ~60 rad m-2 extending along the
remnant's "wing" section, which coincides with a large-scale HI shell at -20
km/s. The two depolarization patches within the "wing" region with RM of 97 rad
m-2 and 55 rad m-2 coincide with two HI structures in the HI shell. Faraday
screen model fitting on the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS) 1420 MHz
full-scale polarization data reveals a distance of 0.7-0.8d_{SNR} in front of
the SNR with enhanced regular magnetic field there. The highly piled-up
magnetic field indicates that the HI shell at -20 km/s could originate from an
old evolved SNR.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Ap
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